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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only2/*3 * Copyright 2023 Red Hat4 */5 6/**7 * DOC:8 *9 * Hash Locks:10 *11 * A hash_lock controls and coordinates writing, index access, and dedupe among groups of data_vios12 * concurrently writing identical blocks, allowing them to deduplicate not only against advice but13 * also against each other. This saves on index queries and allows those data_vios to concurrently14 * deduplicate against a single block instead of being serialized through a PBN read lock. Only one15 * index query is needed for each hash_lock, instead of one for every data_vio.16 *17 * Hash_locks are assigned to hash_zones by computing a modulus on the hash itself. Each hash_zone18 * has a single dedicated queue and thread for performing all operations on the hash_locks assigned19 * to that zone. The concurrency guarantees of this single-threaded model allow the code to omit20 * more fine-grained locking for the hash_lock structures.21 *22 * A hash_lock acts like a state machine perhaps more than as a lock. Other than the starting and23 * ending states INITIALIZING and BYPASSING, every state represents and is held for the duration of24 * an asynchronous operation. All state transitions are performed on the thread of the hash_zone25 * containing the lock. An asynchronous operation is almost always performed upon entering a state,26 * and the callback from that operation triggers exiting the state and entering a new state.27 *28 * In all states except DEDUPING, there is a single data_vio, called the lock agent, performing the29 * asynchronous operations on behalf of the lock. The agent will change during the lifetime of the30 * lock if the lock is shared by more than one data_vio. data_vios waiting to deduplicate are kept31 * on a wait queue. Viewed a different way, the agent holds the lock exclusively until the lock32 * enters the DEDUPING state, at which point it becomes a shared lock that all the waiters (and any33 * new data_vios that arrive) use to share a PBN lock. In state DEDUPING, there is no agent. When34 * the last data_vio in the lock calls back in DEDUPING, it becomes the agent and the lock becomes35 * exclusive again. New data_vios that arrive in the lock will also go on the wait queue.36 *37 * The existence of lock waiters is a key factor controlling which state the lock transitions to38 * next. When the lock is new or has waiters, it will always try to reach DEDUPING, and when it39 * doesn't, it will try to clean up and exit.40 *41 * Deduping requires holding a PBN lock on a block that is known to contain data identical to the42 * data_vios in the lock, so the lock will send the agent to the duplicate zone to acquire the PBN43 * lock (LOCKING), to the kernel I/O threads to read and verify the data (VERIFYING), or to write a44 * new copy of the data to a full data block or a slot in a compressed block (WRITING).45 *46 * Cleaning up consists of updating the index when the data location is different from the initial47 * index query (UPDATING, triggered by stale advice, compression, and rollover), releasing the PBN48 * lock on the duplicate block (UNLOCKING), and if the agent is the last data_vio referencing the49 * lock, releasing the hash_lock itself back to the hash zone (BYPASSING).50 *51 * The shortest sequence of states is for non-concurrent writes of new data:52 *   INITIALIZING -> QUERYING -> WRITING -> BYPASSING53 * This sequence is short because no PBN read lock or index update is needed.54 *55 * Non-concurrent, finding valid advice looks like this (endpoints elided):56 *   -> QUERYING -> LOCKING -> VERIFYING -> DEDUPING -> UNLOCKING ->57 * Or with stale advice (endpoints elided):58 *   -> QUERYING -> LOCKING -> VERIFYING -> UNLOCKING -> WRITING -> UPDATING ->59 *60 * When there are not enough available reference count increments available on a PBN for a data_vio61 * to deduplicate, a new lock is forked and the excess waiters roll over to the new lock (which62 * goes directly to WRITING). The new lock takes the place of the old lock in the lock map so new63 * data_vios will be directed to it. The two locks will proceed independently, but only the new64 * lock will have the right to update the index (unless it also forks).65 *66 * Since rollover happens in a lock instance, once a valid data location has been selected, it will67 * not change. QUERYING and WRITING are only performed once per lock lifetime. All other68 * non-endpoint states can be re-entered.69 *70 * The function names in this module follow a convention referencing the states and transitions in71 * the state machine. For example, for the LOCKING state, there are start_locking() and72 * finish_locking() functions.  start_locking() is invoked by the finish function of the state (or73 * states) that transition to LOCKING. It performs the actual lock state change and must be invoked74 * on the hash zone thread.  finish_locking() is called by (or continued via callback from) the75 * code actually obtaining the lock. It does any bookkeeping or decision-making required and76 * invokes the appropriate start function of the state being transitioned to after LOCKING.77 *78 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------79 *80 * Index Queries:81 *82 * A query to the UDS index is handled asynchronously by the index's threads. When the query is83 * complete, a callback supplied with the query will be called from one of the those threads. Under84 * heavy system load, the index may be slower to respond than is desirable for reasonable I/O85 * throughput. Since deduplication of writes is not necessary for correct operation of a VDO86 * device, it is acceptable to timeout out slow index queries and proceed to fulfill a write87 * request without deduplicating. However, because the uds_request struct itself is supplied by the88 * caller, we can not simply reuse a uds_request object which we have chosen to timeout. Hence,89 * each hash_zone maintains a pool of dedupe_contexts which each contain a uds_request along with a90 * reference to the data_vio on behalf of which they are performing a query.91 *92 * When a hash_lock needs to query the index, it attempts to acquire an unused dedupe_context from93 * its hash_zone's pool. If one is available, that context is prepared, associated with the94 * hash_lock's agent, added to the list of pending contexts, and then sent to the index. The95 * context's state will be transitioned from DEDUPE_CONTEXT_IDLE to DEDUPE_CONTEXT_PENDING. If all96 * goes well, the dedupe callback will be called by the index which will change the context's state97 * to DEDUPE_CONTEXT_COMPLETE, and the associated data_vio will be enqueued to run back in the hash98 * zone where the query results will be processed and the context will be put back in the idle99 * state and returned to the hash_zone's available list.100 *101 * The first time an index query is launched from a given hash_zone, a timer is started. When the102 * timer fires, the hash_zone's completion is enqueued to run in the hash_zone where the zone's103 * pending list will be searched for any contexts in the pending state which have been running for104 * too long. Those contexts are transitioned to the DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT state and moved to the105 * zone's timed_out list where they won't be examined again if there is a subsequent time out). The106 * data_vios associated with timed out contexts are sent to continue processing their write107 * operation without deduplicating. The timer is also restarted.108 *109 * When the dedupe callback is run for a context which is in the timed out state, that context is110 * moved to the DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT_COMPLETE state. No other action need be taken as the111 * associated data_vios have already been dispatched.112 *113 * If a hash_lock needs a dedupe context, and the available list is empty, the timed_out list will114 * be searched for any contexts which are timed out and complete. One of these will be used115 * immediately, and the rest will be returned to the available list and marked idle.116 */117 118#include "dedupe.h"119 120#include <linux/atomic.h>121#include <linux/jiffies.h>122#include <linux/kernel.h>123#include <linux/list.h>124#include <linux/ratelimit.h>125#include <linux/spinlock.h>126#include <linux/timer.h>127 128#include "logger.h"129#include "memory-alloc.h"130#include "numeric.h"131#include "permassert.h"132#include "string-utils.h"133 134#include "indexer.h"135 136#include "action-manager.h"137#include "admin-state.h"138#include "completion.h"139#include "constants.h"140#include "data-vio.h"141#include "int-map.h"142#include "io-submitter.h"143#include "packer.h"144#include "physical-zone.h"145#include "slab-depot.h"146#include "statistics.h"147#include "types.h"148#include "vdo.h"149#include "wait-queue.h"150 151#define DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_IDLE 0152#define DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_RUNNING 1153#define DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_FIRED 2154 155enum dedupe_context_state {156	DEDUPE_CONTEXT_IDLE,157	DEDUPE_CONTEXT_PENDING,158	DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT,159	DEDUPE_CONTEXT_COMPLETE,160	DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT_COMPLETE,161};162 163/* Possible index states: closed, opened, or transitioning between those two. */164enum index_state {165	IS_CLOSED,166	IS_CHANGING,167	IS_OPENED,168};169 170static const char *CLOSED = "closed";171static const char *CLOSING = "closing";172static const char *ERROR = "error";173static const char *OFFLINE = "offline";174static const char *ONLINE = "online";175static const char *OPENING = "opening";176static const char *SUSPENDED = "suspended";177static const char *UNKNOWN = "unknown";178 179/* Version 2 uses the kernel space UDS index and is limited to 16 bytes */180#define UDS_ADVICE_VERSION 2181/* version byte + state byte + 64-bit little-endian PBN */182#define UDS_ADVICE_SIZE (1 + 1 + sizeof(u64))183 184enum hash_lock_state {185	/* State for locks that are not in use or are being initialized. */186	VDO_HASH_LOCK_INITIALIZING,187 188	/* This is the sequence of states typically used on the non-dedupe path. */189	VDO_HASH_LOCK_QUERYING,190	VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING,191	VDO_HASH_LOCK_UPDATING,192 193	/* The remaining states are typically used on the dedupe path in this order. */194	VDO_HASH_LOCK_LOCKING,195	VDO_HASH_LOCK_VERIFYING,196	VDO_HASH_LOCK_DEDUPING,197	VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING,198 199	/*200	 * Terminal state for locks returning to the pool. Must be last both because it's the final201	 * state, and also because it's used to count the states.202	 */203	VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING,204};205 206static const char * const LOCK_STATE_NAMES[] = {207	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING] = "BYPASSING",208	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_DEDUPING] = "DEDUPING",209	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_INITIALIZING] = "INITIALIZING",210	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_LOCKING] = "LOCKING",211	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_QUERYING] = "QUERYING",212	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING] = "UNLOCKING",213	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_UPDATING] = "UPDATING",214	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_VERIFYING] = "VERIFYING",215	[VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING] = "WRITING",216};217 218struct hash_lock {219	/* The block hash covered by this lock */220	struct uds_record_name hash;221 222	/* When the lock is unused, this list entry allows the lock to be pooled */223	struct list_head pool_node;224 225	/*226	 * A list containing the data VIOs sharing this lock, all having the same record name and227	 * data block contents, linked by their hash_lock_node fields.228	 */229	struct list_head duplicate_ring;230 231	/* The number of data_vios sharing this lock instance */232	data_vio_count_t reference_count;233 234	/* The maximum value of reference_count in the lifetime of this lock */235	data_vio_count_t max_references;236 237	/* The current state of this lock */238	enum hash_lock_state state;239 240	/* True if the UDS index should be updated with new advice */241	bool update_advice;242 243	/* True if the advice has been verified to be a true duplicate */244	bool verified;245 246	/* True if the lock has already accounted for an initial verification */247	bool verify_counted;248 249	/* True if this lock is registered in the lock map (cleared on rollover) */250	bool registered;251 252	/*253	 * If verified is false, this is the location of a possible duplicate. If verified is true,254	 * it is the verified location of a true duplicate.255	 */256	struct zoned_pbn duplicate;257 258	/* The PBN lock on the block containing the duplicate data */259	struct pbn_lock *duplicate_lock;260 261	/* The data_vio designated to act on behalf of the lock */262	struct data_vio *agent;263 264	/*265	 * Other data_vios with data identical to the agent who are currently waiting for the agent266	 * to get the information they all need to deduplicate--either against each other, or267	 * against an existing duplicate on disk.268	 */269	struct vdo_wait_queue waiters;270};271 272#define LOCK_POOL_CAPACITY MAXIMUM_VDO_USER_VIOS273 274struct hash_zones {275	struct action_manager *manager;276	struct uds_parameters parameters;277	struct uds_index_session *index_session;278	struct ratelimit_state ratelimiter;279	atomic64_t timeouts;280	atomic64_t dedupe_context_busy;281 282	/* This spinlock protects the state fields and the starting of dedupe requests. */283	spinlock_t lock;284 285	/* The fields in the next block are all protected by the lock */286	struct vdo_completion completion;287	enum index_state index_state;288	enum index_state index_target;289	struct admin_state state;290	bool changing;291	bool create_flag;292	bool dedupe_flag;293	bool error_flag;294	u64 reported_timeouts;295 296	/* The number of zones */297	zone_count_t zone_count;298	/* The hash zones themselves */299	struct hash_zone zones[];300};301 302/* These are in milliseconds. */303unsigned int vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_interval = 5000;304unsigned int vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_interval = 100;305/* Same two variables, in jiffies for easier consumption. */306static u64 vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_jiffies;307static u64 vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_jiffies;308 309static inline struct hash_zone *as_hash_zone(struct vdo_completion *completion)310{311	vdo_assert_completion_type(completion, VDO_HASH_ZONE_COMPLETION);312	return container_of(completion, struct hash_zone, completion);313}314 315static inline struct hash_zones *as_hash_zones(struct vdo_completion *completion)316{317	vdo_assert_completion_type(completion, VDO_HASH_ZONES_COMPLETION);318	return container_of(completion, struct hash_zones, completion);319}320 321static inline void assert_in_hash_zone(struct hash_zone *zone, const char *name)322{323	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY((vdo_get_callback_thread_id() == zone->thread_id),324			    "%s called on hash zone thread", name);325}326 327static inline bool change_context_state(struct dedupe_context *context, int old, int new)328{329	return (atomic_cmpxchg(&context->state, old, new) == old);330}331 332static inline bool change_timer_state(struct hash_zone *zone, int old, int new)333{334	return (atomic_cmpxchg(&zone->timer_state, old, new) == old);335}336 337/**338 * return_hash_lock_to_pool() - (Re)initialize a hash lock and return it to its pool.339 * @zone: The zone from which the lock was borrowed.340 * @lock: The lock that is no longer in use.341 */342static void return_hash_lock_to_pool(struct hash_zone *zone, struct hash_lock *lock)343{344	memset(lock, 0, sizeof(*lock));345	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->pool_node);346	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->duplicate_ring);347	vdo_waitq_init(&lock->waiters);348	list_add_tail(&lock->pool_node, &zone->lock_pool);349}350 351/**352 * vdo_get_duplicate_lock() - Get the PBN lock on the duplicate data location for a data_vio from353 *                            the hash_lock the data_vio holds (if there is one).354 * @data_vio: The data_vio to query.355 *356 * Return: The PBN lock on the data_vio's duplicate location.357 */358struct pbn_lock *vdo_get_duplicate_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio)359{360	if (data_vio->hash_lock == NULL)361		return NULL;362 363	return data_vio->hash_lock->duplicate_lock;364}365 366/**367 * hash_lock_key() - Return hash_lock's record name as a hash code.368 * @lock: The hash lock.369 *370 * Return: The key to use for the int map.371 */372static inline u64 hash_lock_key(struct hash_lock *lock)373{374	return get_unaligned_le64(&lock->hash.name);375}376 377/**378 * get_hash_lock_state_name() - Get the string representation of a hash lock state.379 * @state: The hash lock state.380 *381 * Return: The short string representing the state382 */383static const char *get_hash_lock_state_name(enum hash_lock_state state)384{385	/* Catch if a state has been added without updating the name array. */386	BUILD_BUG_ON((VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING + 1) != ARRAY_SIZE(LOCK_STATE_NAMES));387	return (state < ARRAY_SIZE(LOCK_STATE_NAMES)) ? LOCK_STATE_NAMES[state] : "INVALID";388}389 390/**391 * assert_hash_lock_agent() - Assert that a data_vio is the agent of its hash lock, and that this392 *                            is being called in the hash zone.393 * @data_vio: The data_vio expected to be the lock agent.394 * @where: A string describing the function making the assertion.395 */396static void assert_hash_lock_agent(struct data_vio *data_vio, const char *where)397{398	/* Not safe to access the agent field except from the hash zone. */399	assert_data_vio_in_hash_zone(data_vio);400	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(data_vio == data_vio->hash_lock->agent,401			    "%s must be for the hash lock agent", where);402}403 404/**405 * set_duplicate_lock() - Set the duplicate lock held by a hash lock. May only be called in the406 *                        physical zone of the PBN lock.407 * @hash_lock: The hash lock to update.408 * @pbn_lock: The PBN read lock to use as the duplicate lock.409 */410static void set_duplicate_lock(struct hash_lock *hash_lock, struct pbn_lock *pbn_lock)411{412	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY((hash_lock->duplicate_lock == NULL),413			    "hash lock must not already hold a duplicate lock");414	pbn_lock->holder_count += 1;415	hash_lock->duplicate_lock = pbn_lock;416}417 418/**419 * dequeue_lock_waiter() - Remove the first data_vio from the lock's waitq and return it.420 * @lock: The lock containing the wait queue.421 *422 * Return: The first (oldest) waiter in the queue, or NULL if the queue is empty.423 */424static inline struct data_vio *dequeue_lock_waiter(struct hash_lock *lock)425{426	return vdo_waiter_as_data_vio(vdo_waitq_dequeue_waiter(&lock->waiters));427}428 429/**430 * set_hash_lock() - Set, change, or clear the hash lock a data_vio is using.431 * @data_vio: The data_vio to update.432 * @new_lock: The hash lock the data_vio is joining.433 *434 * Updates the hash lock (or locks) to reflect the change in membership.435 */436static void set_hash_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio, struct hash_lock *new_lock)437{438	struct hash_lock *old_lock = data_vio->hash_lock;439 440	if (old_lock != NULL) {441		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(data_vio->hash_zone != NULL,442				    "must have a hash zone when holding a hash lock");443		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(!list_empty(&data_vio->hash_lock_entry),444				    "must be on a hash lock ring when holding a hash lock");445		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(old_lock->reference_count > 0,446				    "hash lock reference must be counted");447 448		if ((old_lock->state != VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING) &&449		    (old_lock->state != VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING)) {450			/*451			 * If the reference count goes to zero in a non-terminal state, we're most452			 * likely leaking this lock.453			 */454			VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(old_lock->reference_count > 1,455					    "hash locks should only become unreferenced in a terminal state, not state %s",456					    get_hash_lock_state_name(old_lock->state));457		}458 459		list_del_init(&data_vio->hash_lock_entry);460		old_lock->reference_count -= 1;461 462		data_vio->hash_lock = NULL;463	}464 465	if (new_lock != NULL) {466		/*467		 * Keep all data_vios sharing the lock on a ring since they can complete in any468		 * order and we'll always need a pointer to one to compare data.469		 */470		list_move_tail(&data_vio->hash_lock_entry, &new_lock->duplicate_ring);471		new_lock->reference_count += 1;472		if (new_lock->max_references < new_lock->reference_count)473			new_lock->max_references = new_lock->reference_count;474 475		data_vio->hash_lock = new_lock;476	}477}478 479/* There are loops in the state diagram, so some forward decl's are needed. */480static void start_deduping(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent,481			   bool agent_is_done);482static void start_locking(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent);483static void start_writing(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent);484static void unlock_duplicate_pbn(struct vdo_completion *completion);485static void transfer_allocation_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio);486 487/**488 * exit_hash_lock() - Bottleneck for data_vios that have written or deduplicated and that are no489 *                    longer needed to be an agent for the hash lock.490 * @data_vio: The data_vio to complete and send to be cleaned up.491 */492static void exit_hash_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio)493{494	/* Release the hash lock now, saving a thread transition in cleanup. */495	vdo_release_hash_lock(data_vio);496 497	/* Complete the data_vio and start the clean-up path to release any locks it still holds. */498	data_vio->vio.completion.callback = complete_data_vio;499 500	continue_data_vio(data_vio);501}502 503/**504 * set_duplicate_location() - Set the location of the duplicate block for data_vio, updating the505 *                            is_duplicate and duplicate fields from a zoned_pbn.506 * @data_vio: The data_vio to modify.507 * @source: The location of the duplicate.508 */509static void set_duplicate_location(struct data_vio *data_vio,510				   const struct zoned_pbn source)511{512	data_vio->is_duplicate = (source.pbn != VDO_ZERO_BLOCK);513	data_vio->duplicate = source;514}515 516/**517 * retire_lock_agent() - Retire the active lock agent, replacing it with the first lock waiter, and518 *                       make the retired agent exit the hash lock.519 * @lock: The hash lock to update.520 *521 * Return: The new lock agent (which will be NULL if there was no waiter)522 */523static struct data_vio *retire_lock_agent(struct hash_lock *lock)524{525	struct data_vio *old_agent = lock->agent;526	struct data_vio *new_agent = dequeue_lock_waiter(lock);527 528	lock->agent = new_agent;529	exit_hash_lock(old_agent);530	if (new_agent != NULL)531		set_duplicate_location(new_agent, lock->duplicate);532	return new_agent;533}534 535/**536 * wait_on_hash_lock() - Add a data_vio to the lock's queue of waiters.537 * @lock: The hash lock on which to wait.538 * @data_vio: The data_vio to add to the queue.539 */540static void wait_on_hash_lock(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *data_vio)541{542	vdo_waitq_enqueue_waiter(&lock->waiters, &data_vio->waiter);543 544	/*545	 * Make sure the agent doesn't block indefinitely in the packer since it now has at least546	 * one other data_vio waiting on it.547	 */548	if ((lock->state != VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING) || !cancel_data_vio_compression(lock->agent))549		return;550 551	/*552	 * Even though we're waiting, we also have to send ourselves as a one-way message to the553	 * packer to ensure the agent continues executing. This is safe because554	 * cancel_vio_compression() guarantees the agent won't continue executing until this555	 * message arrives in the packer, and because the wait queue link isn't used for sending556	 * the message.557	 */558	data_vio->compression.lock_holder = lock->agent;559	launch_data_vio_packer_callback(data_vio, vdo_remove_lock_holder_from_packer);560}561 562/**563 * abort_waiter() - waiter_callback_fn function that shunts waiters to write their blocks without564 *                  optimization.565 * @waiter: The data_vio's waiter link.566 * @context: Not used.567 */568static void abort_waiter(struct vdo_waiter *waiter, void *context __always_unused)569{570	write_data_vio(vdo_waiter_as_data_vio(waiter));571}572 573/**574 * start_bypassing() - Stop using the hash lock.575 * @lock: The hash lock.576 * @agent: The data_vio acting as the agent for the lock.577 *578 * Stops using the hash lock. This is the final transition for hash locks which did not get an579 * error.580 */581static void start_bypassing(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)582{583	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING;584	exit_hash_lock(agent);585}586 587void vdo_clean_failed_hash_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio)588{589	struct hash_lock *lock = data_vio->hash_lock;590 591	if (lock->state == VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING) {592		exit_hash_lock(data_vio);593		return;594	}595 596	if (lock->agent == NULL) {597		lock->agent = data_vio;598	} else if (data_vio != lock->agent) {599		exit_hash_lock(data_vio);600		return;601	}602 603	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING;604 605	/* Ensure we don't attempt to update advice when cleaning up. */606	lock->update_advice = false;607 608	vdo_waitq_notify_all_waiters(&lock->waiters, abort_waiter, NULL);609 610	if (lock->duplicate_lock != NULL) {611		/* The agent must reference the duplicate zone to launch it. */612		data_vio->duplicate = lock->duplicate;613		launch_data_vio_duplicate_zone_callback(data_vio, unlock_duplicate_pbn);614		return;615	}616 617	lock->agent = NULL;618	data_vio->is_duplicate = false;619	exit_hash_lock(data_vio);620}621 622/**623 * finish_unlocking() - Handle the result of the agent for the lock releasing a read lock on624 *                      duplicate candidate.625 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio acting as the lock's agent.626 *627 * This continuation is registered in unlock_duplicate_pbn().628 */629static void finish_unlocking(struct vdo_completion *completion)630{631	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);632	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;633 634	assert_hash_lock_agent(agent, __func__);635 636	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->duplicate_lock == NULL,637			    "must have released the duplicate lock for the hash lock");638 639	if (!lock->verified) {640		/*641		 * UNLOCKING -> WRITING transition: The lock we released was on an unverified642		 * block, so it must have been a lock on advice we were verifying, not on a643		 * location that was used for deduplication. Go write (or compress) the block to644		 * get a location to dedupe against.645		 */646		start_writing(lock, agent);647		return;648	}649 650	/*651	 * With the lock released, the verified duplicate block may already have changed and will652	 * need to be re-verified if a waiter arrived.653	 */654	lock->verified = false;655 656	if (vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters)) {657		/*658		 * UNLOCKING -> LOCKING transition: A new data_vio entered the hash lock while the659		 * agent was releasing the PBN lock. The current agent exits and the waiter has to660		 * re-lock and re-verify the duplicate location.661		 *662		 * TODO: If we used the current agent to re-acquire the PBN lock we wouldn't need663		 * to re-verify.664		 */665		agent = retire_lock_agent(lock);666		start_locking(lock, agent);667		return;668	}669 670	/*671	 * UNLOCKING -> BYPASSING transition: The agent is done with the lock and no other672	 * data_vios reference it, so remove it from the lock map and return it to the pool.673	 */674	start_bypassing(lock, agent);675}676 677/**678 * unlock_duplicate_pbn() - Release a read lock on the PBN of the block that may or may not have679 *                          contained duplicate data.680 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio acting as the lock's agent.681 *682 * This continuation is launched by start_unlocking(), and calls back to finish_unlocking() on the683 * hash zone thread.684 */685static void unlock_duplicate_pbn(struct vdo_completion *completion)686{687	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);688	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;689 690	assert_data_vio_in_duplicate_zone(agent);691	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->duplicate_lock != NULL,692			    "must have a duplicate lock to release");693 694	vdo_release_physical_zone_pbn_lock(agent->duplicate.zone, agent->duplicate.pbn,695					   vdo_forget(lock->duplicate_lock));696	if (lock->state == VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING) {697		complete_data_vio(completion);698		return;699	}700 701	launch_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_unlocking);702}703 704/**705 * start_unlocking() - Release a read lock on the PBN of the block that may or may not have706 *                     contained duplicate data.707 * @lock: The hash lock.708 * @agent: The data_vio currently acting as the agent for the lock.709 */710static void start_unlocking(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)711{712	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING;713	launch_data_vio_duplicate_zone_callback(agent, unlock_duplicate_pbn);714}715 716static void release_context(struct dedupe_context *context)717{718	struct hash_zone *zone = context->zone;719 720	WRITE_ONCE(zone->active, zone->active - 1);721	list_move(&context->list_entry, &zone->available);722}723 724static void process_update_result(struct data_vio *agent)725{726	struct dedupe_context *context = agent->dedupe_context;727 728	if ((context == NULL) ||729	    !change_context_state(context, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_COMPLETE, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_IDLE))730		return;731 732	agent->dedupe_context = NULL;733	release_context(context);734}735 736/**737 * finish_updating() - Process the result of a UDS update performed by the agent for the lock.738 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio that performed the update739 *740 * This continuation is registered in start_querying().741 */742static void finish_updating(struct vdo_completion *completion)743{744	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);745	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;746 747	assert_hash_lock_agent(agent, __func__);748 749	process_update_result(agent);750 751	/*752	 * UDS was updated successfully, so don't update again unless the duplicate location753	 * changes due to rollover.754	 */755	lock->update_advice = false;756 757	if (vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters)) {758		/*759		 * UPDATING -> DEDUPING transition: A new data_vio arrived during the UDS update.760		 * Send it on the verified dedupe path. The agent is done with the lock, but the761		 * lock may still need to use it to clean up after rollover.762		 */763		start_deduping(lock, agent, true);764		return;765	}766 767	if (lock->duplicate_lock != NULL) {768		/*769		 * UPDATING -> UNLOCKING transition: No one is waiting to dedupe, but we hold a770		 * duplicate PBN lock, so go release it.771		 */772		start_unlocking(lock, agent);773		return;774	}775 776	/*777	 * UPDATING -> BYPASSING transition: No one is waiting to dedupe and there's no lock to778	 * release.779	 */780	start_bypassing(lock, agent);781}782 783static void query_index(struct data_vio *data_vio, enum uds_request_type operation);784 785/**786 * start_updating() - Continue deduplication with the last step, updating UDS with the location of787 *                    the duplicate that should be returned as advice in the future.788 * @lock: The hash lock.789 * @agent: The data_vio currently acting as the agent for the lock.790 */791static void start_updating(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)792{793	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_UPDATING;794 795	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->verified, "new advice should have been verified");796	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->update_advice, "should only update advice if needed");797 798	agent->last_async_operation = VIO_ASYNC_OP_UPDATE_DEDUPE_INDEX;799	set_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_updating);800	query_index(agent, UDS_UPDATE);801}802 803/**804 * finish_deduping() - Handle a data_vio that has finished deduplicating against the block locked805 *                     by the hash lock.806 * @lock: The hash lock.807 * @data_vio: The lock holder that has finished deduplicating.808 *809 * If there are other data_vios still sharing the lock, this will just release the data_vio's share810 * of the lock and finish processing the data_vio. If this is the last data_vio holding the lock,811 * this makes the data_vio the lock agent and uses it to advance the state of the lock so it can812 * eventually be released.813 */814static void finish_deduping(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *data_vio)815{816	struct data_vio *agent = data_vio;817 818	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->agent == NULL, "shouldn't have an agent in DEDUPING");819	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(!vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters),820			    "shouldn't have any lock waiters in DEDUPING");821 822	/* Just release the lock reference if other data_vios are still deduping. */823	if (lock->reference_count > 1) {824		exit_hash_lock(data_vio);825		return;826	}827 828	/* The hash lock must have an agent for all other lock states. */829	lock->agent = agent;830	if (lock->update_advice) {831		/*832		 * DEDUPING -> UPDATING transition: The location of the duplicate block changed833		 * since the initial UDS query because of compression, rollover, or because the834		 * query agent didn't have an allocation. The UDS update was delayed in case there835		 * was another change in location, but with only this data_vio using the hash lock,836		 * it's time to update the advice.837		 */838		start_updating(lock, agent);839	} else {840		/*841		 * DEDUPING -> UNLOCKING transition: Release the PBN read lock on the duplicate842		 * location so the hash lock itself can be released (contingent on no new data_vios843		 * arriving in the lock before the agent returns).844		 */845		start_unlocking(lock, agent);846	}847}848 849/**850 * acquire_lock() - Get the lock for a record name.851 * @zone: The zone responsible for the hash.852 * @hash: The hash to lock.853 * @replace_lock: If non-NULL, the lock already registered for the hash which should be replaced by854 *                the new lock.855 * @lock_ptr: A pointer to receive the hash lock.856 *857 * Gets the lock for the hash (record name) of the data in a data_vio, or if one does not exist (or858 * if we are explicitly rolling over), initialize a new lock for the hash and register it in the859 * zone. This must only be called in the correct thread for the zone.860 *861 * Return: VDO_SUCCESS or an error code.862 */863static int __must_check acquire_lock(struct hash_zone *zone,864				     const struct uds_record_name *hash,865				     struct hash_lock *replace_lock,866				     struct hash_lock **lock_ptr)867{868	struct hash_lock *lock, *new_lock;869	int result;870 871	/*872	 * Borrow and prepare a lock from the pool so we don't have to do two int_map accesses873	 * in the common case of no lock contention.874	 */875	result = VDO_ASSERT(!list_empty(&zone->lock_pool),876			    "never need to wait for a free hash lock");877	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)878		return result;879 880	new_lock = list_entry(zone->lock_pool.prev, struct hash_lock, pool_node);881	list_del_init(&new_lock->pool_node);882 883	/*884	 * Fill in the hash of the new lock so we can map it, since we have to use the hash as the885	 * map key.886	 */887	new_lock->hash = *hash;888 889	result = vdo_int_map_put(zone->hash_lock_map, hash_lock_key(new_lock),890				 new_lock, (replace_lock != NULL), (void **) &lock);891	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {892		return_hash_lock_to_pool(zone, vdo_forget(new_lock));893		return result;894	}895 896	if (replace_lock != NULL) {897		/* On mismatch put the old lock back and return a severe error */898		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock == replace_lock,899				    "old lock must have been in the lock map");900		/* TODO: Check earlier and bail out? */901		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(replace_lock->registered,902				    "old lock must have been marked registered");903		replace_lock->registered = false;904	}905 906	if (lock == replace_lock) {907		lock = new_lock;908		lock->registered = true;909	} else {910		/* There's already a lock for the hash, so we don't need the borrowed lock. */911		return_hash_lock_to_pool(zone, vdo_forget(new_lock));912	}913 914	*lock_ptr = lock;915	return VDO_SUCCESS;916}917 918/**919 * enter_forked_lock() - Bind the data_vio to a new hash lock.920 *921 * Implements waiter_callback_fn. Binds the data_vio that was waiting to a new hash lock and waits922 * on that lock.923 */924static void enter_forked_lock(struct vdo_waiter *waiter, void *context)925{926	struct data_vio *data_vio = vdo_waiter_as_data_vio(waiter);927	struct hash_lock *new_lock = context;928 929	set_hash_lock(data_vio, new_lock);930	wait_on_hash_lock(new_lock, data_vio);931}932 933/**934 * fork_hash_lock() - Fork a hash lock because it has run out of increments on the duplicate PBN.935 * @old_lock: The hash lock to fork.936 * @new_agent: The data_vio that will be the agent for the new lock.937 *938 * Transfers the new agent and any lock waiters to a new hash lock instance which takes the place939 * of the old lock in the lock map. The old lock remains active, but will not update advice.940 */941static void fork_hash_lock(struct hash_lock *old_lock, struct data_vio *new_agent)942{943	struct hash_lock *new_lock;944	int result;945 946	result = acquire_lock(new_agent->hash_zone, &new_agent->record_name, old_lock,947			      &new_lock);948	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {949		continue_data_vio_with_error(new_agent, result);950		return;951	}952 953	/*954	 * Only one of the two locks should update UDS. The old lock is out of references, so it955	 * would be poor dedupe advice in the short term.956	 */957	old_lock->update_advice = false;958	new_lock->update_advice = true;959 960	set_hash_lock(new_agent, new_lock);961	new_lock->agent = new_agent;962 963	vdo_waitq_notify_all_waiters(&old_lock->waiters, enter_forked_lock, new_lock);964 965	new_agent->is_duplicate = false;966	start_writing(new_lock, new_agent);967}968 969/**970 * launch_dedupe() - Reserve a reference count increment for a data_vio and launch it on the dedupe971 *                   path.972 * @lock: The hash lock.973 * @data_vio: The data_vio to deduplicate using the hash lock.974 * @has_claim: true if the data_vio already has claimed an increment from the duplicate lock.975 *976 * If no increments are available, this will roll over to a new hash lock and launch the data_vio977 * as the writing agent for that lock.978 */979static void launch_dedupe(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *data_vio,980			  bool has_claim)981{982	if (!has_claim && !vdo_claim_pbn_lock_increment(lock->duplicate_lock)) {983		/* Out of increments, so must roll over to a new lock. */984		fork_hash_lock(lock, data_vio);985		return;986	}987 988	/* Deduplicate against the lock's verified location. */989	set_duplicate_location(data_vio, lock->duplicate);990	data_vio->new_mapped = data_vio->duplicate;991	update_metadata_for_data_vio_write(data_vio, lock->duplicate_lock);992}993 994/**995 * start_deduping() - Enter the hash lock state where data_vios deduplicate in parallel against a996 *                    true copy of their data on disk.997 * @lock: The hash lock.998 * @agent: The data_vio acting as the agent for the lock.999 * @agent_is_done: true only if the agent has already written or deduplicated against its data.1000 *1001 * If the agent itself needs to deduplicate, an increment for it must already have been claimed1002 * from the duplicate lock, ensuring the hash lock will still have a data_vio holding it.1003 */1004static void start_deduping(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent,1005			   bool agent_is_done)1006{1007	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_DEDUPING;1008 1009	/*1010	 * We don't take the downgraded allocation lock from the agent unless we actually need to1011	 * deduplicate against it.1012	 */1013	if (lock->duplicate_lock == NULL) {1014		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(!vdo_is_state_compressed(agent->new_mapped.state),1015				    "compression must have shared a lock");1016		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(agent_is_done,1017				    "agent must have written the new duplicate");1018		transfer_allocation_lock(agent);1019	}1020 1021	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(vdo_is_pbn_read_lock(lock->duplicate_lock),1022			    "duplicate_lock must be a PBN read lock");1023 1024	/*1025	 * This state is not like any of the other states. There is no designated agent--the agent1026	 * transitioning to this state and all the waiters will be launched to deduplicate in1027	 * parallel.1028	 */1029	lock->agent = NULL;1030 1031	/*1032	 * Launch the agent (if not already deduplicated) and as many lock waiters as we have1033	 * available increments for on the dedupe path. If we run out of increments, rollover will1034	 * be triggered and the remaining waiters will be transferred to the new lock.1035	 */1036	if (!agent_is_done) {1037		launch_dedupe(lock, agent, true);1038		agent = NULL;1039	}1040	while (vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters))1041		launch_dedupe(lock, dequeue_lock_waiter(lock), false);1042 1043	if (agent_is_done) {1044		/*1045		 * In the degenerate case where all the waiters rolled over to a new lock, this1046		 * will continue to use the old agent to clean up this lock, and otherwise it just1047		 * lets the agent exit the lock.1048		 */1049		finish_deduping(lock, agent);1050	}1051}1052 1053/**1054 * increment_stat() - Increment a statistic counter in a non-atomic yet thread-safe manner.1055 * @stat: The statistic field to increment.1056 */1057static inline void increment_stat(u64 *stat)1058{1059	/*1060	 * Must only be mutated on the hash zone thread. Prevents any compiler shenanigans from1061	 * affecting other threads reading stats.1062	 */1063	WRITE_ONCE(*stat, *stat + 1);1064}1065 1066/**1067 * finish_verifying() - Handle the result of the agent for the lock comparing its data to the1068 *                      duplicate candidate.1069 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio used to verify dedupe1070 *1071 * This continuation is registered in start_verifying().1072 */1073static void finish_verifying(struct vdo_completion *completion)1074{1075	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1076	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;1077 1078	assert_hash_lock_agent(agent, __func__);1079 1080	lock->verified = agent->is_duplicate;1081 1082	/*1083	 * Only count the result of the initial verification of the advice as valid or stale, and1084	 * not any re-verifications due to PBN lock releases.1085	 */1086	if (!lock->verify_counted) {1087		lock->verify_counted = true;1088		if (lock->verified)1089			increment_stat(&agent->hash_zone->statistics.dedupe_advice_valid);1090		else1091			increment_stat(&agent->hash_zone->statistics.dedupe_advice_stale);1092	}1093 1094	/*1095	 * Even if the block is a verified duplicate, we can't start to deduplicate unless we can1096	 * claim a reference count increment for the agent.1097	 */1098	if (lock->verified && !vdo_claim_pbn_lock_increment(lock->duplicate_lock)) {1099		agent->is_duplicate = false;1100		lock->verified = false;1101	}1102 1103	if (lock->verified) {1104		/*1105		 * VERIFYING -> DEDUPING transition: The advice is for a true duplicate, so start1106		 * deduplicating against it, if references are available.1107		 */1108		start_deduping(lock, agent, false);1109	} else {1110		/*1111		 * VERIFYING -> UNLOCKING transition: Either the verify failed or we'd try to1112		 * dedupe and roll over immediately, which would fail because it would leave the1113		 * lock without an agent to release the PBN lock. In both cases, the data will have1114		 * to be written or compressed, but first the advice PBN must be unlocked by the1115		 * VERIFYING agent.1116		 */1117		lock->update_advice = true;1118		start_unlocking(lock, agent);1119	}1120}1121 1122static bool blocks_equal(char *block1, char *block2)1123{1124	int i;1125 1126	for (i = 0; i < VDO_BLOCK_SIZE; i += sizeof(u64)) {1127		if (*((u64 *) &block1[i]) != *((u64 *) &block2[i]))1128			return false;1129	}1130 1131	return true;1132}1133 1134static void verify_callback(struct vdo_completion *completion)1135{1136	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1137 1138	agent->is_duplicate = blocks_equal(agent->vio.data, agent->scratch_block);1139	launch_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_verifying);1140}1141 1142static void uncompress_and_verify(struct vdo_completion *completion)1143{1144	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1145	int result;1146 1147	result = uncompress_data_vio(agent, agent->duplicate.state,1148				     agent->scratch_block);1149	if (result == VDO_SUCCESS) {1150		verify_callback(completion);1151		return;1152	}1153 1154	agent->is_duplicate = false;1155	launch_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_verifying);1156}1157 1158static void verify_endio(struct bio *bio)1159{1160	struct data_vio *agent = vio_as_data_vio(bio->bi_private);1161	int result = blk_status_to_errno(bio->bi_status);1162 1163	vdo_count_completed_bios(bio);1164	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {1165		agent->is_duplicate = false;1166		launch_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_verifying);1167		return;1168	}1169 1170	if (vdo_is_state_compressed(agent->duplicate.state)) {1171		launch_data_vio_cpu_callback(agent, uncompress_and_verify,1172					     CPU_Q_COMPRESS_BLOCK_PRIORITY);1173		return;1174	}1175 1176	launch_data_vio_cpu_callback(agent, verify_callback,1177				     CPU_Q_COMPLETE_READ_PRIORITY);1178}1179 1180/**1181 * start_verifying() - Begin the data verification phase.1182 * @lock: The hash lock (must be LOCKING).1183 * @agent: The data_vio to use to read and compare candidate data.1184 *1185 * Continue the deduplication path for a hash lock by using the agent to read (and possibly1186 * decompress) the data at the candidate duplicate location, comparing it to the data in the agent1187 * to verify that the candidate is identical to all the data_vios sharing the hash. If so, it can1188 * be deduplicated against, otherwise a data_vio allocation will have to be written to and used for1189 * dedupe.1190 */1191static void start_verifying(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)1192{1193	int result;1194	struct vio *vio = &agent->vio;1195	char *buffer = (vdo_is_state_compressed(agent->duplicate.state) ?1196			(char *) agent->compression.block :1197			agent->scratch_block);1198 1199	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_VERIFYING;1200	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(!lock->verified, "hash lock only verifies advice once");1201 1202	agent->last_async_operation = VIO_ASYNC_OP_VERIFY_DUPLICATION;1203	result = vio_reset_bio(vio, buffer, verify_endio, REQ_OP_READ,1204			       agent->duplicate.pbn);1205	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {1206		set_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_verifying);1207		continue_data_vio_with_error(agent, result);1208		return;1209	}1210 1211	set_data_vio_bio_zone_callback(agent, vdo_submit_vio);1212	vdo_launch_completion_with_priority(&vio->completion, BIO_Q_VERIFY_PRIORITY);1213}1214 1215/**1216 * finish_locking() - Handle the result of the agent for the lock attempting to obtain a PBN read1217 *                    lock on the candidate duplicate block.1218 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio that attempted to get the read lock.1219 *1220 * This continuation is registered in lock_duplicate_pbn().1221 */1222static void finish_locking(struct vdo_completion *completion)1223{1224	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1225	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;1226 1227	assert_hash_lock_agent(agent, __func__);1228 1229	if (!agent->is_duplicate) {1230		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->duplicate_lock == NULL,1231				    "must not hold duplicate_lock if not flagged as a duplicate");1232		/*1233		 * LOCKING -> WRITING transition: The advice block is being modified or has no1234		 * available references, so try to write or compress the data, remembering to1235		 * update UDS later with the new advice.1236		 */1237		increment_stat(&agent->hash_zone->statistics.dedupe_advice_stale);1238		lock->update_advice = true;1239		start_writing(lock, agent);1240		return;1241	}1242 1243	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->duplicate_lock != NULL,1244			    "must hold duplicate_lock if flagged as a duplicate");1245 1246	if (!lock->verified) {1247		/*1248		 * LOCKING -> VERIFYING transition: Continue on the unverified dedupe path, reading1249		 * the candidate duplicate and comparing it to the agent's data to decide whether1250		 * it is a true duplicate or stale advice.1251		 */1252		start_verifying(lock, agent);1253		return;1254	}1255 1256	if (!vdo_claim_pbn_lock_increment(lock->duplicate_lock)) {1257		/*1258		 * LOCKING -> UNLOCKING transition: The verified block was re-locked, but has no1259		 * available increments left. Must first release the useless PBN read lock before1260		 * rolling over to a new copy of the block.1261		 */1262		agent->is_duplicate = false;1263		lock->verified = false;1264		lock->update_advice = true;1265		start_unlocking(lock, agent);1266		return;1267	}1268 1269	/*1270	 * LOCKING -> DEDUPING transition: Continue on the verified dedupe path, deduplicating1271	 * against a location that was previously verified or written to.1272	 */1273	start_deduping(lock, agent, false);1274}1275 1276static bool acquire_provisional_reference(struct data_vio *agent, struct pbn_lock *lock,1277					  struct slab_depot *depot)1278{1279	/* Ensure that the newly-locked block is referenced. */1280	struct vdo_slab *slab = vdo_get_slab(depot, agent->duplicate.pbn);1281	int result = vdo_acquire_provisional_reference(slab, agent->duplicate.pbn, lock);1282 1283	if (result == VDO_SUCCESS)1284		return true;1285 1286	vdo_log_warning_strerror(result,1287				 "Error acquiring provisional reference for dedupe candidate; aborting dedupe");1288	agent->is_duplicate = false;1289	vdo_release_physical_zone_pbn_lock(agent->duplicate.zone,1290					   agent->duplicate.pbn, lock);1291	continue_data_vio_with_error(agent, result);1292	return false;1293}1294 1295/**1296 * lock_duplicate_pbn() - Acquire a read lock on the PBN of the block containing candidate1297 *                        duplicate data (compressed or uncompressed).1298 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio attempting to acquire the physical block lock on1299 *              behalf of its hash lock.1300 *1301 * If the PBN is already locked for writing, the lock attempt is abandoned and is_duplicate will be1302 * cleared before calling back. This continuation is launched from start_locking(), and calls back1303 * to finish_locking() on the hash zone thread.1304 */1305static void lock_duplicate_pbn(struct vdo_completion *completion)1306{1307	unsigned int increment_limit;1308	struct pbn_lock *lock;1309	int result;1310 1311	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1312	struct slab_depot *depot = vdo_from_data_vio(agent)->depot;1313	struct physical_zone *zone = agent->duplicate.zone;1314 1315	assert_data_vio_in_duplicate_zone(agent);1316 1317	set_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(agent, finish_locking);1318 1319	/*1320	 * While in the zone that owns it, find out how many additional references can be made to1321	 * the block if it turns out to truly be a duplicate.1322	 */1323	increment_limit = vdo_get_increment_limit(depot, agent->duplicate.pbn);1324	if (increment_limit == 0) {1325		/*1326		 * We could deduplicate against it later if a reference happened to be released1327		 * during verification, but it's probably better to bail out now.1328		 */1329		agent->is_duplicate = false;1330		continue_data_vio(agent);1331		return;1332	}1333 1334	result = vdo_attempt_physical_zone_pbn_lock(zone, agent->duplicate.pbn,1335						    VIO_READ_LOCK, &lock);1336	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {1337		continue_data_vio_with_error(agent, result);1338		return;1339	}1340 1341	if (!vdo_is_pbn_read_lock(lock)) {1342		/*1343		 * There are three cases of write locks: uncompressed data block writes, compressed1344		 * (packed) block writes, and block map page writes. In all three cases, we give up1345		 * on trying to verify the advice and don't bother to try deduplicate against the1346		 * data in the write lock holder.1347		 *1348		 * 1) We don't ever want to try to deduplicate against a block map page.1349		 *1350		 * 2a) It's very unlikely we'd deduplicate against an entire packed block, both1351		 * because of the chance of matching it, and because we don't record advice for it,1352		 * but for the uncompressed representation of all the fragments it contains. The1353		 * only way we'd be getting lock contention is if we've written the same1354		 * representation coincidentally before, had it become unreferenced, and it just1355		 * happened to be packed together from compressed writes when we go to verify the1356		 * lucky advice. Giving up is a minuscule loss of potential dedupe.1357		 *1358		 * 2b) If the advice is for a slot of a compressed block, it's about to get1359		 * smashed, and the write smashing it cannot contain our data--it would have to be1360		 * writing on behalf of our hash lock, but that's impossible since we're the lock1361		 * agent.1362		 *1363		 * 3a) If the lock is held by a data_vio with different data, the advice is already1364		 * stale or is about to become stale.1365		 *1366		 * 3b) If the lock is held by a data_vio that matches us, we may as well either1367		 * write it ourselves (or reference the copy we already wrote) instead of1368		 * potentially having many duplicates wait for the lock holder to write, journal,1369		 * hash, and finally arrive in the hash lock. We lose a chance to avoid a UDS1370		 * update in the very rare case of advice for a free block that just happened to be1371		 * allocated to a data_vio with the same hash. There's also a chance to save on a1372		 * block write, at the cost of a block verify. Saving on a full block compare in1373		 * all stale advice cases almost certainly outweighs saving a UDS update and1374		 * trading a write for a read in a lucky case where advice would have been saved1375		 * from becoming stale.1376		 */1377		agent->is_duplicate = false;1378		continue_data_vio(agent);1379		return;1380	}1381 1382	if (lock->holder_count == 0) {1383		if (!acquire_provisional_reference(agent, lock, depot))1384			return;1385 1386		/*1387		 * The increment limit we grabbed earlier is still valid. The lock now holds the1388		 * rights to acquire all those references. Those rights will be claimed by hash1389		 * locks sharing this read lock.1390		 */1391		lock->increment_limit = increment_limit;1392	}1393 1394	/*1395	 * We've successfully acquired a read lock on behalf of the hash lock, so mark it as such.1396	 */1397	set_duplicate_lock(agent->hash_lock, lock);1398 1399	/*1400	 * TODO: Optimization: We could directly launch the block verify, then switch to a hash1401	 * thread.1402	 */1403	continue_data_vio(agent);1404}1405 1406/**1407 * start_locking() - Continue deduplication for a hash lock that has obtained valid advice of a1408 *                   potential duplicate through its agent.1409 * @lock: The hash lock (currently must be QUERYING).1410 * @agent: The data_vio bearing the dedupe advice.1411 */1412static void start_locking(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)1413{1414	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock->duplicate_lock == NULL,1415			    "must not acquire a duplicate lock when already holding it");1416 1417	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_LOCKING;1418 1419	/*1420	 * TODO: Optimization: If we arrange to continue on the duplicate zone thread when1421	 * accepting the advice, and don't explicitly change lock states (or use an agent-local1422	 * state, or an atomic), we can avoid a thread transition here.1423	 */1424	agent->last_async_operation = VIO_ASYNC_OP_LOCK_DUPLICATE_PBN;1425	launch_data_vio_duplicate_zone_callback(agent, lock_duplicate_pbn);1426}1427 1428/**1429 * finish_writing() - Re-entry point for the lock agent after it has finished writing or1430 *                    compressing its copy of the data block.1431 * @lock: The hash lock, which must be in state WRITING.1432 * @agent: The data_vio that wrote its data for the lock.1433 *1434 * The agent will never need to dedupe against anything, so it's done with the lock, but the lock1435 * may not be finished with it, as a UDS update might still be needed.1436 *1437 * If there are other lock holders, the agent will hand the job to one of them and exit, leaving1438 * the lock to deduplicate against the just-written block. If there are no other lock holders, the1439 * agent either exits (and later tears down the hash lock), or it remains the agent and updates1440 * UDS.1441 */1442static void finish_writing(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)1443{1444	/*1445	 * Dedupe against the data block or compressed block slot the agent wrote. Since we know1446	 * the write succeeded, there's no need to verify it.1447	 */1448	lock->duplicate = agent->new_mapped;1449	lock->verified = true;1450 1451	if (vdo_is_state_compressed(lock->duplicate.state) && lock->registered) {1452		/*1453		 * Compression means the location we gave in the UDS query is not the location1454		 * we're using to deduplicate.1455		 */1456		lock->update_advice = true;1457	}1458 1459	/* If there are any waiters, we need to start deduping them. */1460	if (vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters)) {1461		/*1462		 * WRITING -> DEDUPING transition: an asynchronously-written block failed to1463		 * compress, so the PBN lock on the written copy was already transferred. The agent1464		 * is done with the lock, but the lock may still need to use it to clean up after1465		 * rollover.1466		 */1467		start_deduping(lock, agent, true);1468		return;1469	}1470 1471	/*1472	 * There are no waiters and the agent has successfully written, so take a step towards1473	 * being able to release the hash lock (or just release it).1474	 */1475	if (lock->update_advice) {1476		/*1477		 * WRITING -> UPDATING transition: There's no waiter and a UDS update is needed, so1478		 * retain the WRITING agent and use it to launch the update. The happens on1479		 * compression, rollover, or the QUERYING agent not having an allocation.1480		 */1481		start_updating(lock, agent);1482	} else if (lock->duplicate_lock != NULL) {1483		/*1484		 * WRITING -> UNLOCKING transition: There's no waiter and no update needed, but the1485		 * compressed write gave us a shared duplicate lock that we must release.1486		 */1487		set_duplicate_location(agent, lock->duplicate);1488		start_unlocking(lock, agent);1489	} else {1490		/*1491		 * WRITING -> BYPASSING transition: There's no waiter, no update needed, and no1492		 * duplicate lock held, so both the agent and lock have no more work to do. The1493		 * agent will release its allocation lock in cleanup.1494		 */1495		start_bypassing(lock, agent);1496	}1497}1498 1499/**1500 * select_writing_agent() - Search through the lock waiters for a data_vio that has an allocation.1501 * @lock: The hash lock to modify.1502 *1503 * If an allocation is found, swap agents, put the old agent at the head of the wait queue, then1504 * return the new agent. Otherwise, just return the current agent.1505 */1506static struct data_vio *select_writing_agent(struct hash_lock *lock)1507{1508	struct vdo_wait_queue temp_queue;1509	struct data_vio *data_vio;1510 1511	vdo_waitq_init(&temp_queue);1512 1513	/*1514	 * Move waiters to the temp queue one-by-one until we find an allocation. Not ideal to1515	 * search, but it only happens when nearly out of space.1516	 */1517	while (((data_vio = dequeue_lock_waiter(lock)) != NULL) &&1518	       !data_vio_has_allocation(data_vio)) {1519		/* Use the lower-level enqueue since we're just moving waiters around. */1520		vdo_waitq_enqueue_waiter(&temp_queue, &data_vio->waiter);1521	}1522 1523	if (data_vio != NULL) {1524		/*1525		 * Move the rest of the waiters over to the temp queue, preserving the order they1526		 * arrived at the lock.1527		 */1528		vdo_waitq_transfer_all_waiters(&lock->waiters, &temp_queue);1529 1530		/*1531		 * The current agent is being replaced and will have to wait to dedupe; make it the1532		 * first waiter since it was the first to reach the lock.1533		 */1534		vdo_waitq_enqueue_waiter(&lock->waiters, &lock->agent->waiter);1535		lock->agent = data_vio;1536	} else {1537		/* No one has an allocation, so keep the current agent. */1538		data_vio = lock->agent;1539	}1540 1541	/* Swap all the waiters back onto the lock's queue. */1542	vdo_waitq_transfer_all_waiters(&temp_queue, &lock->waiters);1543	return data_vio;1544}1545 1546/**1547 * start_writing() - Begin the non-duplicate write path.1548 * @lock: The hash lock (currently must be QUERYING).1549 * @agent: The data_vio currently acting as the agent for the lock.1550 *1551 * Begins the non-duplicate write path for a hash lock that had no advice, selecting a data_vio1552 * with an allocation as a new agent, if necessary, then resuming the agent on the data_vio write1553 * path.1554 */1555static void start_writing(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *agent)1556{1557	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING;1558 1559	/*1560	 * The agent might not have received an allocation and so can't be used for writing, but1561	 * it's entirely possible that one of the waiters did.1562	 */1563	if (!data_vio_has_allocation(agent)) {1564		agent = select_writing_agent(lock);1565		/* If none of the waiters had an allocation, the writes all have to fail. */1566		if (!data_vio_has_allocation(agent)) {1567			/*1568			 * TODO: Should we keep a variant of BYPASSING that causes new arrivals to1569			 * fail immediately if they don't have an allocation? It might be possible1570			 * that on some path there would be non-waiters still referencing the lock,1571			 * so it would remain in the map as everything is currently spelled, even1572			 * if the agent and all waiters release.1573			 */1574			continue_data_vio_with_error(agent, VDO_NO_SPACE);1575			return;1576		}1577	}1578 1579	/*1580	 * If the agent compresses, it might wait indefinitely in the packer, which would be bad if1581	 * there are any other data_vios waiting.1582	 */1583	if (vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters))1584		cancel_data_vio_compression(agent);1585 1586	/*1587	 * Send the agent to the compress/pack/write path in vioWrite. If it succeeds, it will1588	 * return to the hash lock via vdo_continue_hash_lock() and call finish_writing().1589	 */1590	launch_compress_data_vio(agent);1591}1592 1593/*1594 * Decode VDO duplicate advice from the old_metadata field of a UDS request.1595 * Returns true if valid advice was found and decoded1596 */1597static bool decode_uds_advice(struct dedupe_context *context)1598{1599	const struct uds_request *request = &context->request;1600	struct data_vio *data_vio = context->requestor;1601	size_t offset = 0;1602	const struct uds_record_data *encoding = &request->old_metadata;1603	struct vdo *vdo = vdo_from_data_vio(data_vio);1604	struct zoned_pbn *advice = &data_vio->duplicate;1605	u8 version;1606	int result;1607 1608	if ((request->status != UDS_SUCCESS) || !request->found)1609		return false;1610 1611	version = encoding->data[offset++];1612	if (version != UDS_ADVICE_VERSION) {1613		vdo_log_error("invalid UDS advice version code %u", version);1614		return false;1615	}1616 1617	advice->state = encoding->data[offset++];1618	advice->pbn = get_unaligned_le64(&encoding->data[offset]);1619	offset += sizeof(u64);1620	BUG_ON(offset != UDS_ADVICE_SIZE);1621 1622	/* Don't use advice that's clearly meaningless. */1623	if ((advice->state == VDO_MAPPING_STATE_UNMAPPED) || (advice->pbn == VDO_ZERO_BLOCK)) {1624		vdo_log_debug("Invalid advice from deduplication server: pbn %llu, state %u. Giving up on deduplication of logical block %llu",1625			      (unsigned long long) advice->pbn, advice->state,1626			      (unsigned long long) data_vio->logical.lbn);1627		atomic64_inc(&vdo->stats.invalid_advice_pbn_count);1628		return false;1629	}1630 1631	result = vdo_get_physical_zone(vdo, advice->pbn, &advice->zone);1632	if ((result != VDO_SUCCESS) || (advice->zone == NULL)) {1633		vdo_log_debug("Invalid physical block number from deduplication server: %llu, giving up on deduplication of logical block %llu",1634			      (unsigned long long) advice->pbn,1635			      (unsigned long long) data_vio->logical.lbn);1636		atomic64_inc(&vdo->stats.invalid_advice_pbn_count);1637		return false;1638	}1639 1640	return true;1641}1642 1643static void process_query_result(struct data_vio *agent)1644{1645	struct dedupe_context *context = agent->dedupe_context;1646 1647	if (context == NULL)1648		return;1649 1650	if (change_context_state(context, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_COMPLETE, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_IDLE)) {1651		agent->is_duplicate = decode_uds_advice(context);1652		agent->dedupe_context = NULL;1653		release_context(context);1654	}1655}1656 1657/**1658 * finish_querying() - Process the result of a UDS query performed by the agent for the lock.1659 * @completion: The completion of the data_vio that performed the query.1660 *1661 * This continuation is registered in start_querying().1662 */1663static void finish_querying(struct vdo_completion *completion)1664{1665	struct data_vio *agent = as_data_vio(completion);1666	struct hash_lock *lock = agent->hash_lock;1667 1668	assert_hash_lock_agent(agent, __func__);1669 1670	process_query_result(agent);1671 1672	if (agent->is_duplicate) {1673		lock->duplicate = agent->duplicate;1674		/*1675		 * QUERYING -> LOCKING transition: Valid advice was obtained from UDS. Use the1676		 * QUERYING agent to start the hash lock on the unverified dedupe path, verifying1677		 * that the advice can be used.1678		 */1679		start_locking(lock, agent);1680	} else {1681		/*1682		 * The agent will be used as the duplicate if has an allocation; if it does, that1683		 * location was posted to UDS, so no update will be needed.1684		 */1685		lock->update_advice = !data_vio_has_allocation(agent);1686		/*1687		 * QUERYING -> WRITING transition: There was no advice or the advice wasn't valid,1688		 * so try to write or compress the data.1689		 */1690		start_writing(lock, agent);1691	}1692}1693 1694/**1695 * start_querying() - Start deduplication for a hash lock.1696 * @lock: The initialized hash lock.1697 * @data_vio: The data_vio that has just obtained the new lock.1698 *1699 * Starts deduplication for a hash lock that has finished initializing by making the data_vio that1700 * requested it the agent, entering the QUERYING state, and using the agent to perform the UDS1701 * query on behalf of the lock.1702 */1703static void start_querying(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *data_vio)1704{1705	lock->agent = data_vio;1706	lock->state = VDO_HASH_LOCK_QUERYING;1707	data_vio->last_async_operation = VIO_ASYNC_OP_CHECK_FOR_DUPLICATION;1708	set_data_vio_hash_zone_callback(data_vio, finish_querying);1709	query_index(data_vio,1710		    (data_vio_has_allocation(data_vio) ? UDS_POST : UDS_QUERY));1711}1712 1713/**1714 * report_bogus_lock_state() - Complain that a data_vio has entered a hash_lock that is in an1715 *                             unimplemented or unusable state and continue the data_vio with an1716 *                             error.1717 * @lock: The hash lock.1718 * @data_vio: The data_vio attempting to enter the lock.1719 */1720static void report_bogus_lock_state(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *data_vio)1721{1722	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(false, "hash lock must not be in unimplemented state %s",1723			    get_hash_lock_state_name(lock->state));1724	continue_data_vio_with_error(data_vio, VDO_LOCK_ERROR);1725}1726 1727/**1728 * vdo_continue_hash_lock() - Continue the processing state after writing, compressing, or1729 *                            deduplicating.1730 * @data_vio: The data_vio to continue processing in its hash lock.1731 *1732 * Asynchronously continue processing a data_vio in its hash lock after it has finished writing,1733 * compressing, or deduplicating, so it can share the result with any data_vios waiting in the hash1734 * lock, or update the UDS index, or simply release its share of the lock.1735 *1736 * Context: This must only be called in the correct thread for the hash zone.1737 */1738void vdo_continue_hash_lock(struct vdo_completion *completion)1739{1740	struct data_vio *data_vio = as_data_vio(completion);1741	struct hash_lock *lock = data_vio->hash_lock;1742 1743	switch (lock->state) {1744	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING:1745		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(data_vio == lock->agent,1746				    "only the lock agent may continue the lock");1747		finish_writing(lock, data_vio);1748		break;1749 1750	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_DEDUPING:1751		finish_deduping(lock, data_vio);1752		break;1753 1754	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING:1755		/* This data_vio has finished the write path and the lock doesn't need it. */1756		exit_hash_lock(data_vio);1757		break;1758 1759	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_INITIALIZING:1760	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_QUERYING:1761	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_UPDATING:1762	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_LOCKING:1763	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_VERIFYING:1764	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING:1765		/* A lock in this state should never be re-entered. */1766		report_bogus_lock_state(lock, data_vio);1767		break;1768 1769	default:1770		report_bogus_lock_state(lock, data_vio);1771	}1772}1773 1774/**1775 * is_hash_collision() - Check to see if a hash collision has occurred.1776 * @lock: The lock to check.1777 * @candidate: The data_vio seeking to share the lock.1778 *1779 * Check whether the data in data_vios sharing a lock is different than in a data_vio seeking to1780 * share the lock, which should only be possible in the extremely unlikely case of a hash1781 * collision.1782 *1783 * Return: true if the given data_vio must not share the lock because it doesn't have the same data1784 *         as the lock holders.1785 */1786static bool is_hash_collision(struct hash_lock *lock, struct data_vio *candidate)1787{1788	struct data_vio *lock_holder;1789	struct hash_zone *zone;1790	bool collides;1791 1792	if (list_empty(&lock->duplicate_ring))1793		return false;1794 1795	lock_holder = list_first_entry(&lock->duplicate_ring, struct data_vio,1796				       hash_lock_entry);1797	zone = candidate->hash_zone;1798	collides = !blocks_equal(lock_holder->vio.data, candidate->vio.data);1799	if (collides)1800		increment_stat(&zone->statistics.concurrent_hash_collisions);1801	else1802		increment_stat(&zone->statistics.concurrent_data_matches);1803 1804	return collides;1805}1806 1807static inline int assert_hash_lock_preconditions(const struct data_vio *data_vio)1808{1809	int result;1810 1811	/* FIXME: BUG_ON() and/or enter read-only mode? */1812	result = VDO_ASSERT(data_vio->hash_lock == NULL,1813			    "must not already hold a hash lock");1814	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)1815		return result;1816 1817	result = VDO_ASSERT(list_empty(&data_vio->hash_lock_entry),1818			    "must not already be a member of a hash lock ring");1819	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)1820		return result;1821 1822	return VDO_ASSERT(data_vio->recovery_sequence_number == 0,1823			  "must not hold a recovery lock when getting a hash lock");1824}1825 1826/**1827 * vdo_acquire_hash_lock() - Acquire or share a lock on a record name.1828 * @data_vio: The data_vio acquiring a lock on its record name.1829 *1830 * Acquire or share a lock on the hash (record name) of the data in a data_vio, updating the1831 * data_vio to reference the lock. This must only be called in the correct thread for the zone. In1832 * the unlikely case of a hash collision, this function will succeed, but the data_vio will not get1833 * a lock reference.1834 */1835void vdo_acquire_hash_lock(struct vdo_completion *completion)1836{1837	struct data_vio *data_vio = as_data_vio(completion);1838	struct hash_lock *lock;1839	int result;1840 1841	assert_data_vio_in_hash_zone(data_vio);1842 1843	result = assert_hash_lock_preconditions(data_vio);1844	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {1845		continue_data_vio_with_error(data_vio, result);1846		return;1847	}1848 1849	result = acquire_lock(data_vio->hash_zone, &data_vio->record_name, NULL, &lock);1850	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {1851		continue_data_vio_with_error(data_vio, result);1852		return;1853	}1854 1855	if (is_hash_collision(lock, data_vio)) {1856		/*1857		 * Hash collisions are extremely unlikely, but the bogus dedupe would be a data1858		 * corruption. Bypass optimization entirely. We can't compress a data_vio without1859		 * a hash_lock as the compressed write depends on the hash_lock to manage the1860		 * references for the compressed block.1861		 */1862		write_data_vio(data_vio);1863		return;1864	}1865 1866	set_hash_lock(data_vio, lock);1867	switch (lock->state) {1868	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_INITIALIZING:1869		start_querying(lock, data_vio);1870		return;1871 1872	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_QUERYING:1873	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_WRITING:1874	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_UPDATING:1875	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_LOCKING:1876	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_VERIFYING:1877	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_UNLOCKING:1878		/* The lock is busy, and can't be shared yet. */1879		wait_on_hash_lock(lock, data_vio);1880		return;1881 1882	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING:1883		/* We can't use this lock, so bypass optimization entirely. */1884		vdo_release_hash_lock(data_vio);1885		write_data_vio(data_vio);1886		return;1887 1888	case VDO_HASH_LOCK_DEDUPING:1889		launch_dedupe(lock, data_vio, false);1890		return;1891 1892	default:1893		/* A lock in this state should not be acquired by new VIOs. */1894		report_bogus_lock_state(lock, data_vio);1895	}1896}1897 1898/**1899 * vdo_release_hash_lock() - Release a data_vio's share of a hash lock, if held, and null out the1900 *                           data_vio's reference to it.1901 * @data_vio: The data_vio releasing its hash lock.1902 *1903 * If the data_vio is the only one holding the lock, this also releases any resources or locks used1904 * by the hash lock (such as a PBN read lock on a block containing data with the same hash) and1905 * returns the lock to the hash zone's lock pool.1906 *1907 * Context: This must only be called in the correct thread for the hash zone.1908 */1909void vdo_release_hash_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio)1910{1911	u64 lock_key;1912	struct hash_lock *lock = data_vio->hash_lock;1913	struct hash_zone *zone = data_vio->hash_zone;1914 1915	if (lock == NULL)1916		return;1917 1918	set_hash_lock(data_vio, NULL);1919 1920	if (lock->reference_count > 0) {1921		/* The lock is still in use by other data_vios. */1922		return;1923	}1924 1925	lock_key = hash_lock_key(lock);1926	if (lock->registered) {1927		struct hash_lock *removed;1928 1929		removed = vdo_int_map_remove(zone->hash_lock_map, lock_key);1930		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock == removed,1931				    "hash lock being released must have been mapped");1932	} else {1933		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(lock != vdo_int_map_get(zone->hash_lock_map, lock_key),1934				    "unregistered hash lock must not be in the lock map");1935	}1936 1937	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(!vdo_waitq_has_waiters(&lock->waiters),1938			    "hash lock returned to zone must have no waiters");1939	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY((lock->duplicate_lock == NULL),1940			    "hash lock returned to zone must not reference a PBN lock");1941	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY((lock->state == VDO_HASH_LOCK_BYPASSING),1942			    "returned hash lock must not be in use with state %s",1943			    get_hash_lock_state_name(lock->state));1944	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(list_empty(&lock->pool_node),1945			    "hash lock returned to zone must not be in a pool ring");1946	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(list_empty(&lock->duplicate_ring),1947			    "hash lock returned to zone must not reference DataVIOs");1948 1949	return_hash_lock_to_pool(zone, lock);1950}1951 1952/**1953 * transfer_allocation_lock() - Transfer a data_vio's downgraded allocation PBN lock to the1954 *                              data_vio's hash lock, converting it to a duplicate PBN lock.1955 * @data_vio: The data_vio holding the allocation lock to transfer.1956 */1957static void transfer_allocation_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio)1958{1959	struct allocation *allocation = &data_vio->allocation;1960	struct hash_lock *hash_lock = data_vio->hash_lock;1961 1962	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(data_vio->new_mapped.pbn == allocation->pbn,1963			    "transferred lock must be for the block written");1964 1965	allocation->pbn = VDO_ZERO_BLOCK;1966 1967	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(vdo_is_pbn_read_lock(allocation->lock),1968			    "must have downgraded the allocation lock before transfer");1969 1970	hash_lock->duplicate = data_vio->new_mapped;1971	data_vio->duplicate = data_vio->new_mapped;1972 1973	/*1974	 * Since the lock is being transferred, the holder count doesn't change (and isn't even1975	 * safe to examine on this thread).1976	 */1977	hash_lock->duplicate_lock = vdo_forget(allocation->lock);1978}1979 1980/**1981 * vdo_share_compressed_write_lock() - Make a data_vio's hash lock a shared holder of the PBN lock1982 *                                     on the compressed block to which its data was just written.1983 * @data_vio: The data_vio which was just compressed.1984 * @pbn_lock: The PBN lock on the compressed block.1985 *1986 * If the lock is still a write lock (as it will be for the first share), it will be converted to a1987 * read lock. This also reserves a reference count increment for the data_vio.1988 */1989void vdo_share_compressed_write_lock(struct data_vio *data_vio,1990				     struct pbn_lock *pbn_lock)1991{1992	bool claimed;1993 1994	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(vdo_get_duplicate_lock(data_vio) == NULL,1995			    "a duplicate PBN lock should not exist when writing");1996	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(vdo_is_state_compressed(data_vio->new_mapped.state),1997			    "lock transfer must be for a compressed write");1998	assert_data_vio_in_new_mapped_zone(data_vio);1999 2000	/* First sharer downgrades the lock. */2001	if (!vdo_is_pbn_read_lock(pbn_lock))2002		vdo_downgrade_pbn_write_lock(pbn_lock, true);2003 2004	/*2005	 * Get a share of the PBN lock, ensuring it cannot be released until after this data_vio2006	 * has had a chance to journal a reference.2007	 */2008	data_vio->duplicate = data_vio->new_mapped;2009	data_vio->hash_lock->duplicate = data_vio->new_mapped;2010	set_duplicate_lock(data_vio->hash_lock, pbn_lock);2011 2012	/*2013	 * Claim a reference for this data_vio. Necessary since another hash_lock might start2014	 * deduplicating against it before our incRef.2015	 */2016	claimed = vdo_claim_pbn_lock_increment(pbn_lock);2017	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(claimed, "impossible to fail to claim an initial increment");2018}2019 2020static void start_uds_queue(void *ptr)2021{2022	/*2023	 * Allow the UDS dedupe worker thread to do memory allocations. It will only do allocations2024	 * during the UDS calls that open or close an index, but those allocations can safely sleep2025	 * while reserving a large amount of memory. We could use an allocations_allowed boolean2026	 * (like the base threads do), but it would be an unnecessary embellishment.2027	 */2028	struct vdo_thread *thread = vdo_get_work_queue_owner(vdo_get_current_work_queue());2029 2030	vdo_register_allocating_thread(&thread->allocating_thread, NULL);2031}2032 2033static void finish_uds_queue(void *ptr __always_unused)2034{2035	vdo_unregister_allocating_thread();2036}2037 2038static void close_index(struct hash_zones *zones)2039	__must_hold(&zones->lock)2040{2041	int result;2042 2043	/*2044	 * Change the index state so that get_index_statistics() will not try to use the index2045	 * session we are closing.2046	 */2047	zones->index_state = IS_CHANGING;2048	/* Close the index session, while not holding the lock. */2049	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2050	result = uds_close_index(zones->index_session);2051 2052	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS)2053		vdo_log_error_strerror(result, "Error closing index");2054	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2055	zones->index_state = IS_CLOSED;2056	zones->error_flag |= result != UDS_SUCCESS;2057	/* ASSERTION: We leave in IS_CLOSED state. */2058}2059 2060static void open_index(struct hash_zones *zones)2061	__must_hold(&zones->lock)2062{2063	/* ASSERTION: We enter in IS_CLOSED state. */2064	int result;2065	bool create_flag = zones->create_flag;2066 2067	zones->create_flag = false;2068	/*2069	 * Change the index state so that the it will be reported to the outside world as2070	 * "opening".2071	 */2072	zones->index_state = IS_CHANGING;2073	zones->error_flag = false;2074 2075	/* Open the index session, while not holding the lock */2076	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2077	result = uds_open_index(create_flag ? UDS_CREATE : UDS_LOAD,2078				&zones->parameters, zones->index_session);2079	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS)2080		vdo_log_error_strerror(result, "Error opening index");2081 2082	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2083	if (!create_flag) {2084		switch (result) {2085		case -ENOENT:2086			/*2087			 * Either there is no index, or there is no way we can recover the index.2088			 * We will be called again and try to create a new index.2089			 */2090			zones->index_state = IS_CLOSED;2091			zones->create_flag = true;2092			return;2093		default:2094			break;2095		}2096	}2097	if (result == UDS_SUCCESS) {2098		zones->index_state = IS_OPENED;2099	} else {2100		zones->index_state = IS_CLOSED;2101		zones->index_target = IS_CLOSED;2102		zones->error_flag = true;2103		spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2104		vdo_log_info("Setting UDS index target state to error");2105		spin_lock(&zones->lock);2106	}2107	/*2108	 * ASSERTION: On success, we leave in IS_OPENED state.2109	 * ASSERTION: On failure, we leave in IS_CLOSED state.2110	 */2111}2112 2113static void change_dedupe_state(struct vdo_completion *completion)2114{2115	struct hash_zones *zones = as_hash_zones(completion);2116 2117	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2118 2119	/* Loop until the index is in the target state and the create flag is clear. */2120	while (vdo_is_state_normal(&zones->state) &&2121	       ((zones->index_state != zones->index_target) || zones->create_flag)) {2122		if (zones->index_state == IS_OPENED)2123			close_index(zones);2124		else2125			open_index(zones);2126	}2127 2128	zones->changing = false;2129	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2130}2131 2132static void start_expiration_timer(struct dedupe_context *context)2133{2134	u64 start_time = context->submission_jiffies;2135	u64 end_time;2136 2137	if (!change_timer_state(context->zone, DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_IDLE,2138				DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_RUNNING))2139		return;2140 2141	end_time = max(start_time + vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_jiffies,2142		       jiffies + vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_jiffies);2143	mod_timer(&context->zone->timer, end_time);2144}2145 2146/**2147 * report_dedupe_timeouts() - Record and eventually report that some dedupe requests reached their2148 *                            expiration time without getting answers, so we timed them out.2149 * @zones: the hash zones.2150 * @timeouts: the number of newly timed out requests.2151 */2152static void report_dedupe_timeouts(struct hash_zones *zones, unsigned int timeouts)2153{2154	atomic64_add(timeouts, &zones->timeouts);2155	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2156	if (__ratelimit(&zones->ratelimiter)) {2157		u64 unreported = atomic64_read(&zones->timeouts);2158 2159		unreported -= zones->reported_timeouts;2160		vdo_log_debug("UDS index timeout on %llu requests",2161			      (unsigned long long) unreported);2162		zones->reported_timeouts += unreported;2163	}2164	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2165}2166 2167static int initialize_index(struct vdo *vdo, struct hash_zones *zones)2168{2169	int result;2170	off_t uds_offset;2171	struct volume_geometry geometry = vdo->geometry;2172	static const struct vdo_work_queue_type uds_queue_type = {2173		.start = start_uds_queue,2174		.finish = finish_uds_queue,2175		.max_priority = UDS_Q_MAX_PRIORITY,2176		.default_priority = UDS_Q_PRIORITY,2177	};2178 2179	vdo_set_dedupe_index_timeout_interval(vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_interval);2180	vdo_set_dedupe_index_min_timer_interval(vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_interval);2181 2182	/*2183	 * Since we will save up the timeouts that would have been reported but were ratelimited,2184	 * we don't need to report ratelimiting.2185	 */2186	ratelimit_default_init(&zones->ratelimiter);2187	ratelimit_set_flags(&zones->ratelimiter, RATELIMIT_MSG_ON_RELEASE);2188	uds_offset = ((vdo_get_index_region_start(geometry) -2189		       geometry.bio_offset) * VDO_BLOCK_SIZE);2190	zones->parameters = (struct uds_parameters) {2191		.bdev = vdo->device_config->owned_device->bdev,2192		.offset = uds_offset,2193		.size = (vdo_get_index_region_size(geometry) * VDO_BLOCK_SIZE),2194		.memory_size = geometry.index_config.mem,2195		.sparse = geometry.index_config.sparse,2196		.nonce = (u64) geometry.nonce,2197	};2198 2199	result = uds_create_index_session(&zones->index_session);2200	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS)2201		return result;2202 2203	result = vdo_make_thread(vdo, vdo->thread_config.dedupe_thread, &uds_queue_type,2204				 1, NULL);2205	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {2206		uds_destroy_index_session(vdo_forget(zones->index_session));2207		vdo_log_error("UDS index queue initialization failed (%d)", result);2208		return result;2209	}2210 2211	vdo_initialize_completion(&zones->completion, vdo, VDO_HASH_ZONES_COMPLETION);2212	vdo_set_completion_callback(&zones->completion, change_dedupe_state,2213				    vdo->thread_config.dedupe_thread);2214	return VDO_SUCCESS;2215}2216 2217/**2218 * finish_index_operation() - This is the UDS callback for index queries.2219 * @request: The uds request which has just completed.2220 */2221static void finish_index_operation(struct uds_request *request)2222{2223	struct dedupe_context *context = container_of(request, struct dedupe_context,2224						      request);2225 2226	if (change_context_state(context, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_PENDING,2227				 DEDUPE_CONTEXT_COMPLETE)) {2228		/*2229		 * This query has not timed out, so send its data_vio back to its hash zone to2230		 * process the results.2231		 */2232		continue_data_vio(context->requestor);2233		return;2234	}2235 2236	/*2237	 * This query has timed out, so try to mark it complete and hence eligible for reuse. Its2238	 * data_vio has already moved on.2239	 */2240	if (!change_context_state(context, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT,2241				  DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT_COMPLETE)) {2242		VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(false, "uds request was timed out (state %d)",2243				    atomic_read(&context->state));2244	}2245 2246	vdo_funnel_queue_put(context->zone->timed_out_complete, &context->queue_entry);2247}2248 2249/**2250 * check_for_drain_complete() - Check whether this zone has drained.2251 * @zone: The zone to check.2252 */2253static void check_for_drain_complete(struct hash_zone *zone)2254{2255	data_vio_count_t recycled = 0;2256 2257	if (!vdo_is_state_draining(&zone->state))2258		return;2259 2260	if ((atomic_read(&zone->timer_state) == DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_IDLE) ||2261	    change_timer_state(zone, DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_RUNNING,2262			       DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_IDLE)) {2263		del_timer_sync(&zone->timer);2264	} else {2265		/*2266		 * There is an in flight time-out, which must get processed before we can continue.2267		 */2268		return;2269	}2270 2271	for (;;) {2272		struct dedupe_context *context;2273		struct funnel_queue_entry *entry;2274 2275		entry = vdo_funnel_queue_poll(zone->timed_out_complete);2276		if (entry == NULL)2277			break;2278 2279		context = container_of(entry, struct dedupe_context, queue_entry);2280		atomic_set(&context->state, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_IDLE);2281		list_add(&context->list_entry, &zone->available);2282		recycled++;2283	}2284 2285	if (recycled > 0)2286		WRITE_ONCE(zone->active, zone->active - recycled);2287	VDO_ASSERT_LOG_ONLY(READ_ONCE(zone->active) == 0, "all contexts inactive");2288	vdo_finish_draining(&zone->state);2289}2290 2291static void timeout_index_operations_callback(struct vdo_completion *completion)2292{2293	struct dedupe_context *context, *tmp;2294	struct hash_zone *zone = as_hash_zone(completion);2295	u64 timeout_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_interval);2296	unsigned long cutoff = jiffies - timeout_jiffies;2297	unsigned int timed_out = 0;2298 2299	atomic_set(&zone->timer_state, DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_IDLE);2300	list_for_each_entry_safe(context, tmp, &zone->pending, list_entry) {2301		if (cutoff <= context->submission_jiffies) {2302			/*2303			 * We have reached the oldest query which has not timed out yet, so restart2304			 * the timer.2305			 */2306			start_expiration_timer(context);2307			break;2308		}2309 2310		if (!change_context_state(context, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_PENDING,2311					  DEDUPE_CONTEXT_TIMED_OUT)) {2312			/*2313			 * This context completed between the time the timeout fired, and now. We2314			 * can treat it as a successful query, its requestor is already enqueued2315			 * to process it.2316			 */2317			continue;2318		}2319 2320		/*2321		 * Remove this context from the pending list so we won't look at it again on a2322		 * subsequent timeout. Once the index completes it, it will be reused. Meanwhile,2323		 * send its requestor on its way.2324		 */2325		list_del_init(&context->list_entry);2326		context->requestor->dedupe_context = NULL;2327		continue_data_vio(context->requestor);2328		timed_out++;2329	}2330 2331	if (timed_out > 0)2332		report_dedupe_timeouts(completion->vdo->hash_zones, timed_out);2333 2334	check_for_drain_complete(zone);2335}2336 2337static void timeout_index_operations(struct timer_list *t)2338{2339	struct hash_zone *zone = from_timer(zone, t, timer);2340 2341	if (change_timer_state(zone, DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_RUNNING,2342			       DEDUPE_QUERY_TIMER_FIRED))2343		vdo_launch_completion(&zone->completion);2344}2345 2346static int __must_check initialize_zone(struct vdo *vdo, struct hash_zones *zones,2347					zone_count_t zone_number)2348{2349	int result;2350	data_vio_count_t i;2351	struct hash_zone *zone = &zones->zones[zone_number];2352 2353	result = vdo_int_map_create(VDO_LOCK_MAP_CAPACITY, &zone->hash_lock_map);2354	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)2355		return result;2356 2357	vdo_set_admin_state_code(&zone->state, VDO_ADMIN_STATE_NORMAL_OPERATION);2358	zone->zone_number = zone_number;2359	zone->thread_id = vdo->thread_config.hash_zone_threads[zone_number];2360	vdo_initialize_completion(&zone->completion, vdo, VDO_HASH_ZONE_COMPLETION);2361	vdo_set_completion_callback(&zone->completion, timeout_index_operations_callback,2362				    zone->thread_id);2363	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->lock_pool);2364	result = vdo_allocate(LOCK_POOL_CAPACITY, struct hash_lock, "hash_lock array",2365			      &zone->lock_array);2366	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)2367		return result;2368 2369	for (i = 0; i < LOCK_POOL_CAPACITY; i++)2370		return_hash_lock_to_pool(zone, &zone->lock_array[i]);2371 2372	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->available);2373	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->pending);2374	result = vdo_make_funnel_queue(&zone->timed_out_complete);2375	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)2376		return result;2377 2378	timer_setup(&zone->timer, timeout_index_operations, 0);2379 2380	for (i = 0; i < MAXIMUM_VDO_USER_VIOS; i++) {2381		struct dedupe_context *context = &zone->contexts[i];2382 2383		context->zone = zone;2384		context->request.callback = finish_index_operation;2385		context->request.session = zones->index_session;2386		list_add(&context->list_entry, &zone->available);2387	}2388 2389	return vdo_make_default_thread(vdo, zone->thread_id);2390}2391 2392/** get_thread_id_for_zone() - Implements vdo_zone_thread_getter_fn. */2393static thread_id_t get_thread_id_for_zone(void *context, zone_count_t zone_number)2394{2395	struct hash_zones *zones = context;2396 2397	return zones->zones[zone_number].thread_id;2398}2399 2400/**2401 * vdo_make_hash_zones() - Create the hash zones.2402 *2403 * @vdo: The vdo to which the zone will belong.2404 * @zones_ptr: A pointer to hold the zones.2405 *2406 * Return: VDO_SUCCESS or an error code.2407 */2408int vdo_make_hash_zones(struct vdo *vdo, struct hash_zones **zones_ptr)2409{2410	int result;2411	struct hash_zones *zones;2412	zone_count_t z;2413	zone_count_t zone_count = vdo->thread_config.hash_zone_count;2414 2415	if (zone_count == 0)2416		return VDO_SUCCESS;2417 2418	result = vdo_allocate_extended(struct hash_zones, zone_count, struct hash_zone,2419				       __func__, &zones);2420	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS)2421		return result;2422 2423	result = initialize_index(vdo, zones);2424	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {2425		vdo_free(zones);2426		return result;2427	}2428 2429	vdo_set_admin_state_code(&zones->state, VDO_ADMIN_STATE_NEW);2430 2431	zones->zone_count = zone_count;2432	for (z = 0; z < zone_count; z++) {2433		result = initialize_zone(vdo, zones, z);2434		if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {2435			vdo_free_hash_zones(zones);2436			return result;2437		}2438	}2439 2440	result = vdo_make_action_manager(zones->zone_count, get_thread_id_for_zone,2441					 vdo->thread_config.admin_thread, zones, NULL,2442					 vdo, &zones->manager);2443	if (result != VDO_SUCCESS) {2444		vdo_free_hash_zones(zones);2445		return result;2446	}2447 2448	*zones_ptr = zones;2449	return VDO_SUCCESS;2450}2451 2452void vdo_finish_dedupe_index(struct hash_zones *zones)2453{2454	if (zones == NULL)2455		return;2456 2457	uds_destroy_index_session(vdo_forget(zones->index_session));2458}2459 2460/**2461 * vdo_free_hash_zones() - Free the hash zones.2462 * @zones: The zone to free.2463 */2464void vdo_free_hash_zones(struct hash_zones *zones)2465{2466	zone_count_t i;2467 2468	if (zones == NULL)2469		return;2470 2471	vdo_free(vdo_forget(zones->manager));2472 2473	for (i = 0; i < zones->zone_count; i++) {2474		struct hash_zone *zone = &zones->zones[i];2475 2476		vdo_free_funnel_queue(vdo_forget(zone->timed_out_complete));2477		vdo_int_map_free(vdo_forget(zone->hash_lock_map));2478		vdo_free(vdo_forget(zone->lock_array));2479	}2480 2481	if (zones->index_session != NULL)2482		vdo_finish_dedupe_index(zones);2483 2484	ratelimit_state_exit(&zones->ratelimiter);2485	vdo_free(zones);2486}2487 2488static void initiate_suspend_index(struct admin_state *state)2489{2490	struct hash_zones *zones = container_of(state, struct hash_zones, state);2491	enum index_state index_state;2492 2493	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2494	index_state = zones->index_state;2495	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2496 2497	if (index_state != IS_CLOSED) {2498		bool save = vdo_is_state_saving(&zones->state);2499		int result;2500 2501		result = uds_suspend_index_session(zones->index_session, save);2502		if (result != UDS_SUCCESS)2503			vdo_log_error_strerror(result, "Error suspending dedupe index");2504	}2505 2506	vdo_finish_draining(state);2507}2508 2509/**2510 * suspend_index() - Suspend the UDS index prior to draining hash zones.2511 *2512 * Implements vdo_action_preamble_fn2513 */2514static void suspend_index(void *context, struct vdo_completion *completion)2515{2516	struct hash_zones *zones = context;2517 2518	vdo_start_draining(&zones->state,2519			   vdo_get_current_manager_operation(zones->manager), completion,2520			   initiate_suspend_index);2521}2522 2523/**2524 * initiate_drain() - Initiate a drain.2525 *2526 * Implements vdo_admin_initiator_fn.2527 */2528static void initiate_drain(struct admin_state *state)2529{2530	check_for_drain_complete(container_of(state, struct hash_zone, state));2531}2532 2533/**2534 * drain_hash_zone() - Drain a hash zone.2535 *2536 * Implements vdo_zone_action_fn.2537 */2538static void drain_hash_zone(void *context, zone_count_t zone_number,2539			    struct vdo_completion *parent)2540{2541	struct hash_zones *zones = context;2542 2543	vdo_start_draining(&zones->zones[zone_number].state,2544			   vdo_get_current_manager_operation(zones->manager), parent,2545			   initiate_drain);2546}2547 2548/** vdo_drain_hash_zones() - Drain all hash zones. */2549void vdo_drain_hash_zones(struct hash_zones *zones, struct vdo_completion *parent)2550{2551	vdo_schedule_operation(zones->manager, parent->vdo->suspend_type, suspend_index,2552			       drain_hash_zone, NULL, parent);2553}2554 2555static void launch_dedupe_state_change(struct hash_zones *zones)2556	__must_hold(&zones->lock)2557{2558	/* ASSERTION: We enter with the lock held. */2559	if (zones->changing || !vdo_is_state_normal(&zones->state))2560		/* Either a change is already in progress, or changes are not allowed. */2561		return;2562 2563	if (zones->create_flag || (zones->index_state != zones->index_target)) {2564		zones->changing = true;2565		vdo_launch_completion(&zones->completion);2566		return;2567	}2568 2569	/* ASSERTION: We exit with the lock held. */2570}2571 2572/**2573 * resume_index() - Resume the UDS index prior to resuming hash zones.2574 *2575 * Implements vdo_action_preamble_fn2576 */2577static void resume_index(void *context, struct vdo_completion *parent)2578{2579	struct hash_zones *zones = context;2580	struct device_config *config = parent->vdo->device_config;2581	int result;2582 2583	zones->parameters.bdev = config->owned_device->bdev;2584	result = uds_resume_index_session(zones->index_session, zones->parameters.bdev);2585	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS)2586		vdo_log_error_strerror(result, "Error resuming dedupe index");2587 2588	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2589	vdo_resume_if_quiescent(&zones->state);2590 2591	if (config->deduplication) {2592		zones->index_target = IS_OPENED;2593		WRITE_ONCE(zones->dedupe_flag, true);2594	} else {2595		zones->index_target = IS_CLOSED;2596	}2597 2598	launch_dedupe_state_change(zones);2599	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2600 2601	vdo_finish_completion(parent);2602}2603 2604/**2605 * resume_hash_zone() - Resume a hash zone.2606 *2607 * Implements vdo_zone_action_fn.2608 */2609static void resume_hash_zone(void *context, zone_count_t zone_number,2610			     struct vdo_completion *parent)2611{2612	struct hash_zone *zone = &(((struct hash_zones *) context)->zones[zone_number]);2613 2614	vdo_fail_completion(parent, vdo_resume_if_quiescent(&zone->state));2615}2616 2617/**2618 * vdo_resume_hash_zones() - Resume a set of hash zones.2619 * @zones: The hash zones to resume.2620 * @parent: The object to notify when the zones have resumed.2621 */2622void vdo_resume_hash_zones(struct hash_zones *zones, struct vdo_completion *parent)2623{2624	if (vdo_is_read_only(parent->vdo)) {2625		vdo_launch_completion(parent);2626		return;2627	}2628 2629	vdo_schedule_operation(zones->manager, VDO_ADMIN_STATE_RESUMING, resume_index,2630			       resume_hash_zone, NULL, parent);2631}2632 2633/**2634 * get_hash_zone_statistics() - Add the statistics for this hash zone to the tally for all zones.2635 * @zone: The hash zone to query.2636 * @tally: The tally2637 */2638static void get_hash_zone_statistics(const struct hash_zone *zone,2639				     struct hash_lock_statistics *tally)2640{2641	const struct hash_lock_statistics *stats = &zone->statistics;2642 2643	tally->dedupe_advice_valid += READ_ONCE(stats->dedupe_advice_valid);2644	tally->dedupe_advice_stale += READ_ONCE(stats->dedupe_advice_stale);2645	tally->concurrent_data_matches += READ_ONCE(stats->concurrent_data_matches);2646	tally->concurrent_hash_collisions += READ_ONCE(stats->concurrent_hash_collisions);2647	tally->curr_dedupe_queries += READ_ONCE(zone->active);2648}2649 2650static void get_index_statistics(struct hash_zones *zones,2651				 struct index_statistics *stats)2652{2653	enum index_state state;2654	struct uds_index_stats index_stats;2655	int result;2656 2657	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2658	state = zones->index_state;2659	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2660 2661	if (state != IS_OPENED)2662		return;2663 2664	result = uds_get_index_session_stats(zones->index_session, &index_stats);2665	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS) {2666		vdo_log_error_strerror(result, "Error reading index stats");2667		return;2668	}2669 2670	stats->entries_indexed = index_stats.entries_indexed;2671	stats->posts_found = index_stats.posts_found;2672	stats->posts_not_found = index_stats.posts_not_found;2673	stats->queries_found = index_stats.queries_found;2674	stats->queries_not_found = index_stats.queries_not_found;2675	stats->updates_found = index_stats.updates_found;2676	stats->updates_not_found = index_stats.updates_not_found;2677	stats->entries_discarded = index_stats.entries_discarded;2678}2679 2680/**2681 * vdo_get_dedupe_statistics() - Tally the statistics from all the hash zones and the UDS index.2682 * @hash_zones: The hash zones to query2683 *2684 * Return: The sum of the hash lock statistics from all hash zones plus the statistics from the UDS2685 *         index2686 */2687void vdo_get_dedupe_statistics(struct hash_zones *zones, struct vdo_statistics *stats)2688 2689{2690	zone_count_t zone;2691 2692	for (zone = 0; zone < zones->zone_count; zone++)2693		get_hash_zone_statistics(&zones->zones[zone], &stats->hash_lock);2694 2695	get_index_statistics(zones, &stats->index);2696 2697	/*2698	 * zones->timeouts gives the number of timeouts, and dedupe_context_busy gives the number2699	 * of queries not made because of earlier timeouts.2700	 */2701	stats->dedupe_advice_timeouts =2702		(atomic64_read(&zones->timeouts) + atomic64_read(&zones->dedupe_context_busy));2703}2704 2705/**2706 * vdo_select_hash_zone() - Select the hash zone responsible for locking a given record name.2707 * @zones: The hash_zones from which to select.2708 * @name: The record name.2709 *2710 * Return: The hash zone responsible for the record name.2711 */2712struct hash_zone *vdo_select_hash_zone(struct hash_zones *zones,2713				       const struct uds_record_name *name)2714{2715	/*2716	 * Use a fragment of the record name as a hash code. Eight bits of hash should suffice2717	 * since the number of hash zones is small.2718	 * TODO: Verify that the first byte is independent enough.2719	 */2720	u32 hash = name->name[0];2721 2722	/*2723	 * Scale the 8-bit hash fragment to a zone index by treating it as a binary fraction and2724	 * multiplying that by the zone count. If the hash is uniformly distributed over [0 ..2725	 * 2^8-1], then (hash * count / 2^8) should be uniformly distributed over [0 .. count-1].2726	 * The multiply and shift is much faster than a divide (modulus) on X86 CPUs.2727	 */2728	hash = (hash * zones->zone_count) >> 8;2729	return &zones->zones[hash];2730}2731 2732/**2733 * dump_hash_lock() - Dump a compact description of hash_lock to the log if the lock is not on the2734 *                    free list.2735 * @lock: The hash lock to dump.2736 */2737static void dump_hash_lock(const struct hash_lock *lock)2738{2739	const char *state;2740 2741	if (!list_empty(&lock->pool_node)) {2742		/* This lock is on the free list. */2743		return;2744	}2745 2746	/*2747	 * Necessarily cryptic since we can log a lot of these. First three chars of state is2748	 * unambiguous. 'U' indicates a lock not registered in the map.2749	 */2750	state = get_hash_lock_state_name(lock->state);2751	vdo_log_info("  hl %px: %3.3s %c%llu/%u rc=%u wc=%zu agt=%px",2752		     lock, state, (lock->registered ? 'D' : 'U'),2753		     (unsigned long long) lock->duplicate.pbn,2754		     lock->duplicate.state, lock->reference_count,2755		     vdo_waitq_num_waiters(&lock->waiters), lock->agent);2756}2757 2758static const char *index_state_to_string(struct hash_zones *zones,2759					 enum index_state state)2760{2761	if (!vdo_is_state_normal(&zones->state))2762		return SUSPENDED;2763 2764	switch (state) {2765	case IS_CLOSED:2766		return zones->error_flag ? ERROR : CLOSED;2767	case IS_CHANGING:2768		return zones->index_target == IS_OPENED ? OPENING : CLOSING;2769	case IS_OPENED:2770		return READ_ONCE(zones->dedupe_flag) ? ONLINE : OFFLINE;2771	default:2772		return UNKNOWN;2773	}2774}2775 2776/**2777 * dump_hash_zone() - Dump information about a hash zone to the log for debugging.2778 * @zone: The zone to dump.2779 */2780static void dump_hash_zone(const struct hash_zone *zone)2781{2782	data_vio_count_t i;2783 2784	if (zone->hash_lock_map == NULL) {2785		vdo_log_info("struct hash_zone %u: NULL map", zone->zone_number);2786		return;2787	}2788 2789	vdo_log_info("struct hash_zone %u: mapSize=%zu",2790		     zone->zone_number, vdo_int_map_size(zone->hash_lock_map));2791	for (i = 0; i < LOCK_POOL_CAPACITY; i++)2792		dump_hash_lock(&zone->lock_array[i]);2793}2794 2795/**2796 * vdo_dump_hash_zones() - Dump information about the hash zones to the log for debugging.2797 * @zones: The zones to dump.2798 */2799void vdo_dump_hash_zones(struct hash_zones *zones)2800{2801	const char *state, *target;2802	zone_count_t zone;2803 2804	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2805	state = index_state_to_string(zones, zones->index_state);2806	target = (zones->changing ? index_state_to_string(zones, zones->index_target) : NULL);2807	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2808 2809	vdo_log_info("UDS index: state: %s", state);2810	if (target != NULL)2811		vdo_log_info("UDS index: changing to state: %s", target);2812 2813	for (zone = 0; zone < zones->zone_count; zone++)2814		dump_hash_zone(&zones->zones[zone]);2815}2816 2817void vdo_set_dedupe_index_timeout_interval(unsigned int value)2818{2819	u64 alb_jiffies;2820 2821	/* Arbitrary maximum value is two minutes */2822	if (value > 120000)2823		value = 120000;2824	/* Arbitrary minimum value is 2 jiffies */2825	alb_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(value);2826 2827	if (alb_jiffies < 2) {2828		alb_jiffies = 2;2829		value = jiffies_to_msecs(alb_jiffies);2830	}2831	vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_interval = value;2832	vdo_dedupe_index_timeout_jiffies = alb_jiffies;2833}2834 2835void vdo_set_dedupe_index_min_timer_interval(unsigned int value)2836{2837	u64 min_jiffies;2838 2839	/* Arbitrary maximum value is one second */2840	if (value > 1000)2841		value = 1000;2842 2843	/* Arbitrary minimum value is 2 jiffies */2844	min_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(value);2845 2846	if (min_jiffies < 2) {2847		min_jiffies = 2;2848		value = jiffies_to_msecs(min_jiffies);2849	}2850 2851	vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_interval = value;2852	vdo_dedupe_index_min_timer_jiffies = min_jiffies;2853}2854 2855/**2856 * acquire_context() - Acquire a dedupe context from a hash_zone if any are available.2857 * @zone: the hash zone2858 *2859 * Return: A dedupe_context or NULL if none are available2860 */2861static struct dedupe_context * __must_check acquire_context(struct hash_zone *zone)2862{2863	struct dedupe_context *context;2864	struct funnel_queue_entry *entry;2865 2866	assert_in_hash_zone(zone, __func__);2867 2868	if (!list_empty(&zone->available)) {2869		WRITE_ONCE(zone->active, zone->active + 1);2870		context = list_first_entry(&zone->available, struct dedupe_context,2871					   list_entry);2872		list_del_init(&context->list_entry);2873		return context;2874	}2875 2876	entry = vdo_funnel_queue_poll(zone->timed_out_complete);2877	return ((entry == NULL) ?2878		NULL : container_of(entry, struct dedupe_context, queue_entry));2879}2880 2881static void prepare_uds_request(struct uds_request *request, struct data_vio *data_vio,2882				enum uds_request_type operation)2883{2884	request->record_name = data_vio->record_name;2885	request->type = operation;2886	if ((operation == UDS_POST) || (operation == UDS_UPDATE)) {2887		size_t offset = 0;2888		struct uds_record_data *encoding = &request->new_metadata;2889 2890		encoding->data[offset++] = UDS_ADVICE_VERSION;2891		encoding->data[offset++] = data_vio->new_mapped.state;2892		put_unaligned_le64(data_vio->new_mapped.pbn, &encoding->data[offset]);2893		offset += sizeof(u64);2894		BUG_ON(offset != UDS_ADVICE_SIZE);2895	}2896}2897 2898/*2899 * The index operation will inquire about data_vio.record_name, providing (if the operation is2900 * appropriate) advice from the data_vio's new_mapped fields. The advice found in the index (or2901 * NULL if none) will be returned via receive_data_vio_dedupe_advice(). dedupe_context.status is2902 * set to the return status code of any asynchronous index processing.2903 */2904static void query_index(struct data_vio *data_vio, enum uds_request_type operation)2905{2906	int result;2907	struct dedupe_context *context;2908	struct vdo *vdo = vdo_from_data_vio(data_vio);2909	struct hash_zone *zone = data_vio->hash_zone;2910 2911	assert_data_vio_in_hash_zone(data_vio);2912 2913	if (!READ_ONCE(vdo->hash_zones->dedupe_flag)) {2914		continue_data_vio(data_vio);2915		return;2916	}2917 2918	context = acquire_context(zone);2919	if (context == NULL) {2920		atomic64_inc(&vdo->hash_zones->dedupe_context_busy);2921		continue_data_vio(data_vio);2922		return;2923	}2924 2925	data_vio->dedupe_context = context;2926	context->requestor = data_vio;2927	context->submission_jiffies = jiffies;2928	prepare_uds_request(&context->request, data_vio, operation);2929	atomic_set(&context->state, DEDUPE_CONTEXT_PENDING);2930	list_add_tail(&context->list_entry, &zone->pending);2931	start_expiration_timer(context);2932	result = uds_launch_request(&context->request);2933	if (result != UDS_SUCCESS) {2934		context->request.status = result;2935		finish_index_operation(&context->request);2936	}2937}2938 2939static void set_target_state(struct hash_zones *zones, enum index_state target,2940			     bool change_dedupe, bool dedupe, bool set_create)2941{2942	const char *old_state, *new_state;2943 2944	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2945	old_state = index_state_to_string(zones, zones->index_target);2946	if (change_dedupe)2947		WRITE_ONCE(zones->dedupe_flag, dedupe);2948 2949	if (set_create)2950		zones->create_flag = true;2951 2952	zones->index_target = target;2953	launch_dedupe_state_change(zones);2954	new_state = index_state_to_string(zones, zones->index_target);2955	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2956 2957	if (old_state != new_state)2958		vdo_log_info("Setting UDS index target state to %s", new_state);2959}2960 2961const char *vdo_get_dedupe_index_state_name(struct hash_zones *zones)2962{2963	const char *state;2964 2965	spin_lock(&zones->lock);2966	state = index_state_to_string(zones, zones->index_state);2967	spin_unlock(&zones->lock);2968 2969	return state;2970}2971 2972/* Handle a dmsetup message relevant to the index. */2973int vdo_message_dedupe_index(struct hash_zones *zones, const char *name)2974{2975	if (strcasecmp(name, "index-close") == 0) {2976		set_target_state(zones, IS_CLOSED, false, false, false);2977		return 0;2978	} else if (strcasecmp(name, "index-create") == 0) {2979		set_target_state(zones, IS_OPENED, false, false, true);2980		return 0;2981	} else if (strcasecmp(name, "index-disable") == 0) {2982		set_target_state(zones, IS_OPENED, true, false, false);2983		return 0;2984	} else if (strcasecmp(name, "index-enable") == 0) {2985		set_target_state(zones, IS_OPENED, true, true, false);2986		return 0;2987	}2988 2989	return -EINVAL;2990}2991 2992void vdo_set_dedupe_state_normal(struct hash_zones *zones)2993{2994	vdo_set_admin_state_code(&zones->state, VDO_ADMIN_STATE_NORMAL_OPERATION);2995}2996 2997/* If create_flag, create a new index without first attempting to load an existing index. */2998void vdo_start_dedupe_index(struct hash_zones *zones, bool create_flag)2999{3000	set_target_state(zones, IS_OPENED, true, true, create_flag);3001}3002