1115 lines · python
1# export-to-postgresql.py: export perf data to a postgresql database2# Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation.3#4# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it5# under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,6# version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.7#8# This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT9# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or10# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for11# more details.12 13from __future__ import print_function14 15import os16import sys17import struct18import datetime19 20# To use this script you will need to have installed package python-pyside which21# provides LGPL-licensed Python bindings for Qt. You will also need the package22# libqt4-sql-psql for Qt postgresql support.23#24# The script assumes postgresql is running on the local machine and that the25# user has postgresql permissions to create databases. Examples of installing26# postgresql and adding such a user are:27#28# fedora:29#30# $ sudo yum install postgresql postgresql-server qt-postgresql31# $ sudo su - postgres -c initdb32# $ sudo service postgresql start33# $ sudo su - postgres34# $ createuser -s <your user id here> # Older versions may not support -s, in which case answer the prompt below:35# Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y36# $ sudo yum install python-pyside37#38# Alternately, to use Python3 and/or pyside 2, one of the following:39# $ sudo yum install python3-pyside40# $ pip install --user PySide241# $ pip3 install --user PySide242#43# ubuntu:44#45# $ sudo apt-get install postgresql46# $ sudo su - postgres47# $ createuser -s <your user id here>48# $ sudo apt-get install python-pyside.qtsql libqt4-sql-psql49#50# Alternately, to use Python3 and/or pyside 2, one of the following:51#52# $ sudo apt-get install python3-pyside.qtsql libqt4-sql-psql53# $ sudo apt-get install python-pyside2.qtsql libqt5sql5-psql54# $ sudo apt-get install python3-pyside2.qtsql libqt5sql5-psql55#56# An example of using this script with Intel PT:57#58# $ perf record -e intel_pt//u ls59# $ perf script -s ~/libexec/perf-core/scripts/python/export-to-postgresql.py pt_example branches calls60# 2015-05-29 12:49:23.464364 Creating database...61# 2015-05-29 12:49:26.281717 Writing to intermediate files...62# 2015-05-29 12:49:27.190383 Copying to database...63# 2015-05-29 12:49:28.140451 Removing intermediate files...64# 2015-05-29 12:49:28.147451 Adding primary keys65# 2015-05-29 12:49:28.655683 Adding foreign keys66# 2015-05-29 12:49:29.365350 Done67#68# To browse the database, psql can be used e.g.69#70# $ psql pt_example71# pt_example=# select * from samples_view where id < 100;72# pt_example=# \d+73# pt_example=# \d+ samples_view74# pt_example=# \q75#76# An example of using the database is provided by the script77# exported-sql-viewer.py. Refer to that script for details.78#79# Tables:80#81# The tables largely correspond to perf tools' data structures. They are largely self-explanatory.82#83# samples84#85# 'samples' is the main table. It represents what instruction was executing at a point in time86# when something (a selected event) happened. The memory address is the instruction pointer or 'ip'.87#88# calls89#90# 'calls' represents function calls and is related to 'samples' by 'call_id' and 'return_id'.91# 'calls' is only created when the 'calls' option to this script is specified.92#93# call_paths94#95# 'call_paths' represents all the call stacks. Each 'call' has an associated record in 'call_paths'.96# 'calls_paths' is only created when the 'calls' option to this script is specified.97#98# branch_types99#100# 'branch_types' provides descriptions for each type of branch.101#102# comm_threads103#104# 'comm_threads' shows how 'comms' relates to 'threads'.105#106# comms107#108# 'comms' contains a record for each 'comm' - the name given to the executable that is running.109#110# dsos111#112# 'dsos' contains a record for each executable file or library.113#114# machines115#116# 'machines' can be used to distinguish virtual machines if virtualization is supported.117#118# selected_events119#120# 'selected_events' contains a record for each kind of event that has been sampled.121#122# symbols123#124# 'symbols' contains a record for each symbol. Only symbols that have samples are present.125#126# threads127#128# 'threads' contains a record for each thread.129#130# Views:131#132# Most of the tables have views for more friendly display. The views are:133#134# calls_view135# call_paths_view136# comm_threads_view137# dsos_view138# machines_view139# samples_view140# symbols_view141# threads_view142#143# More examples of browsing the database with psql:144# Note that some of the examples are not the most optimal SQL query.145# Note that call information is only available if the script's 'calls' option has been used.146#147# Top 10 function calls (not aggregated by symbol):148#149# SELECT * FROM calls_view ORDER BY elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;150#151# Top 10 function calls (aggregated by symbol):152#153# SELECT symbol_id,(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,154# SUM(elapsed_time) AS tot_elapsed_time,SUM(branch_count) AS tot_branch_count155# FROM calls_view GROUP BY symbol_id ORDER BY tot_elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;156#157# Note that the branch count gives a rough estimation of cpu usage, so functions158# that took a long time but have a relatively low branch count must have spent time159# waiting.160#161# Find symbols by pattern matching on part of the name (e.g. names containing 'alloc'):162#163# SELECT * FROM symbols_view WHERE name LIKE '%alloc%';164#165# Top 10 function calls for a specific symbol (e.g. whose symbol_id is 187):166#167# SELECT * FROM calls_view WHERE symbol_id = 187 ORDER BY elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;168#169# Show function calls made by function in the same context (i.e. same call path) (e.g. one with call_path_id 254):170#171# SELECT * FROM calls_view WHERE parent_call_path_id = 254;172#173# Show branches made during a function call (e.g. where call_id is 29357 and return_id is 29370 and tid is 29670)174#175# SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE id >= 29357 AND id <= 29370 AND tid = 29670 AND event LIKE 'branches%';176#177# Show transactions:178#179# SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE event = 'transactions';180#181# Note transaction start has 'in_tx' true whereas, transaction end has 'in_tx' false.182# Transaction aborts have branch_type_name 'transaction abort'183#184# Show transaction aborts:185#186# SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE event = 'transactions' AND branch_type_name = 'transaction abort';187#188# To print a call stack requires walking the call_paths table. For example this python script:189# #!/usr/bin/python2190#191# import sys192# from PySide.QtSql import *193#194# if __name__ == '__main__':195# if (len(sys.argv) < 3):196# print >> sys.stderr, "Usage is: printcallstack.py <database name> <call_path_id>"197# raise Exception("Too few arguments")198# dbname = sys.argv[1]199# call_path_id = sys.argv[2]200# db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QPSQL')201# db.setDatabaseName(dbname)202# if not db.open():203# raise Exception("Failed to open database " + dbname + " error: " + db.lastError().text())204# query = QSqlQuery(db)205# print " id ip symbol_id symbol dso_id dso_short_name"206# while call_path_id != 0 and call_path_id != 1:207# ret = query.exec_('SELECT * FROM call_paths_view WHERE id = ' + str(call_path_id))208# if not ret:209# raise Exception("Query failed: " + query.lastError().text())210# if not query.next():211# raise Exception("Query failed")212# print "{0:>6} {1:>10} {2:>9} {3:<30} {4:>6} {5:<30}".format(query.value(0), query.value(1), query.value(2), query.value(3), query.value(4), query.value(5))213# call_path_id = query.value(6)214 215pyside_version_1 = True216if not "pyside-version-1" in sys.argv:217 try:218 from PySide2.QtSql import *219 pyside_version_1 = False220 except:221 pass222 223if pyside_version_1:224 from PySide.QtSql import *225 226if sys.version_info < (3, 0):227 def toserverstr(str):228 return str229 def toclientstr(str):230 return str231else:232 # Assume UTF-8 server_encoding and client_encoding233 def toserverstr(str):234 return bytes(str, "UTF_8")235 def toclientstr(str):236 return bytes(str, "UTF_8")237 238# Need to access PostgreSQL C library directly to use COPY FROM STDIN239from ctypes import *240libpq = CDLL("libpq.so.5")241PQconnectdb = libpq.PQconnectdb242PQconnectdb.restype = c_void_p243PQconnectdb.argtypes = [ c_char_p ]244PQfinish = libpq.PQfinish245PQfinish.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]246PQstatus = libpq.PQstatus247PQstatus.restype = c_int248PQstatus.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]249PQexec = libpq.PQexec250PQexec.restype = c_void_p251PQexec.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_char_p ]252PQresultStatus = libpq.PQresultStatus253PQresultStatus.restype = c_int254PQresultStatus.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]255PQputCopyData = libpq.PQputCopyData256PQputCopyData.restype = c_int257PQputCopyData.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int ]258PQputCopyEnd = libpq.PQputCopyEnd259PQputCopyEnd.restype = c_int260PQputCopyEnd.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_void_p ]261 262sys.path.append(os.environ['PERF_EXEC_PATH'] + \263 '/scripts/python/Perf-Trace-Util/lib/Perf/Trace')264 265# These perf imports are not used at present266#from perf_trace_context import *267#from Core import *268 269perf_db_export_mode = True270perf_db_export_calls = False271perf_db_export_callchains = False272 273def printerr(*args, **kw_args):274 print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kw_args)275 276def printdate(*args, **kw_args):277 print(datetime.datetime.today(), *args, sep=' ', **kw_args)278 279def usage():280 printerr("Usage is: export-to-postgresql.py <database name> [<columns>] [<calls>] [<callchains>] [<pyside-version-1>]");281 printerr("where: columns 'all' or 'branches'");282 printerr(" calls 'calls' => create calls and call_paths table");283 printerr(" callchains 'callchains' => create call_paths table");284 printerr(" pyside-version-1 'pyside-version-1' => use pyside version 1");285 raise Exception("Too few or bad arguments")286 287if (len(sys.argv) < 2):288 usage()289 290dbname = sys.argv[1]291 292if (len(sys.argv) >= 3):293 columns = sys.argv[2]294else:295 columns = "all"296 297if columns not in ("all", "branches"):298 usage()299 300branches = (columns == "branches")301 302for i in range(3,len(sys.argv)):303 if (sys.argv[i] == "calls"):304 perf_db_export_calls = True305 elif (sys.argv[i] == "callchains"):306 perf_db_export_callchains = True307 elif (sys.argv[i] == "pyside-version-1"):308 pass309 else:310 usage()311 312output_dir_name = os.getcwd() + "/" + dbname + "-perf-data"313os.mkdir(output_dir_name)314 315def do_query(q, s):316 if (q.exec_(s)):317 return318 raise Exception("Query failed: " + q.lastError().text())319 320printdate("Creating database...")321 322db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QPSQL')323query = QSqlQuery(db)324db.setDatabaseName('postgres')325db.open()326try:327 do_query(query, 'CREATE DATABASE ' + dbname)328except:329 os.rmdir(output_dir_name)330 raise331query.finish()332query.clear()333db.close()334 335db.setDatabaseName(dbname)336db.open()337 338query = QSqlQuery(db)339do_query(query, 'SET client_min_messages TO WARNING')340 341do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE selected_events ('342 'id bigint NOT NULL,'343 'name varchar(80))')344do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE machines ('345 'id bigint NOT NULL,'346 'pid integer,'347 'root_dir varchar(4096))')348do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE threads ('349 'id bigint NOT NULL,'350 'machine_id bigint,'351 'process_id bigint,'352 'pid integer,'353 'tid integer)')354do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comms ('355 'id bigint NOT NULL,'356 'comm varchar(16),'357 'c_thread_id bigint,'358 'c_time bigint,'359 'exec_flag boolean)')360do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comm_threads ('361 'id bigint NOT NULL,'362 'comm_id bigint,'363 'thread_id bigint)')364do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE dsos ('365 'id bigint NOT NULL,'366 'machine_id bigint,'367 'short_name varchar(256),'368 'long_name varchar(4096),'369 'build_id varchar(64))')370do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE symbols ('371 'id bigint NOT NULL,'372 'dso_id bigint,'373 'sym_start bigint,'374 'sym_end bigint,'375 'binding integer,'376 'name varchar(2048))')377do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE branch_types ('378 'id integer NOT NULL,'379 'name varchar(80))')380 381if branches:382 do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('383 'id bigint NOT NULL,'384 'evsel_id bigint,'385 'machine_id bigint,'386 'thread_id bigint,'387 'comm_id bigint,'388 'dso_id bigint,'389 'symbol_id bigint,'390 'sym_offset bigint,'391 'ip bigint,'392 'time bigint,'393 'cpu integer,'394 'to_dso_id bigint,'395 'to_symbol_id bigint,'396 'to_sym_offset bigint,'397 'to_ip bigint,'398 'branch_type integer,'399 'in_tx boolean,'400 'call_path_id bigint,'401 'insn_count bigint,'402 'cyc_count bigint,'403 'flags integer)')404else:405 do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('406 'id bigint NOT NULL,'407 'evsel_id bigint,'408 'machine_id bigint,'409 'thread_id bigint,'410 'comm_id bigint,'411 'dso_id bigint,'412 'symbol_id bigint,'413 'sym_offset bigint,'414 'ip bigint,'415 'time bigint,'416 'cpu integer,'417 'to_dso_id bigint,'418 'to_symbol_id bigint,'419 'to_sym_offset bigint,'420 'to_ip bigint,'421 'period bigint,'422 'weight bigint,'423 'transaction bigint,'424 'data_src bigint,'425 'branch_type integer,'426 'in_tx boolean,'427 'call_path_id bigint,'428 'insn_count bigint,'429 'cyc_count bigint,'430 'flags integer)')431 432if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:433 do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE call_paths ('434 'id bigint NOT NULL,'435 'parent_id bigint,'436 'symbol_id bigint,'437 'ip bigint)')438if perf_db_export_calls:439 do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE calls ('440 'id bigint NOT NULL,'441 'thread_id bigint,'442 'comm_id bigint,'443 'call_path_id bigint,'444 'call_time bigint,'445 'return_time bigint,'446 'branch_count bigint,'447 'call_id bigint,'448 'return_id bigint,'449 'parent_call_path_id bigint,'450 'flags integer,'451 'parent_id bigint,'452 'insn_count bigint,'453 'cyc_count bigint)')454 455do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE ptwrite ('456 'id bigint NOT NULL,'457 'payload bigint,'458 'exact_ip boolean)')459 460do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE cbr ('461 'id bigint NOT NULL,'462 'cbr integer,'463 'mhz integer,'464 'percent integer)')465 466do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE mwait ('467 'id bigint NOT NULL,'468 'hints integer,'469 'extensions integer)')470 471do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE pwre ('472 'id bigint NOT NULL,'473 'cstate integer,'474 'subcstate integer,'475 'hw boolean)')476 477do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE exstop ('478 'id bigint NOT NULL,'479 'exact_ip boolean)')480 481do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE pwrx ('482 'id bigint NOT NULL,'483 'deepest_cstate integer,'484 'last_cstate integer,'485 'wake_reason integer)')486 487do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE context_switches ('488 'id bigint NOT NULL,'489 'machine_id bigint,'490 'time bigint,'491 'cpu integer,'492 'thread_out_id bigint,'493 'comm_out_id bigint,'494 'thread_in_id bigint,'495 'comm_in_id bigint,'496 'flags integer)')497 498do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW machines_view AS '499 'SELECT '500 'id,'501 'pid,'502 'root_dir,'503 'CASE WHEN id=0 THEN \'unknown\' WHEN pid=-1 THEN \'host\' ELSE \'guest\' END AS host_or_guest'504 ' FROM machines')505 506do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW dsos_view AS '507 'SELECT '508 'id,'509 'machine_id,'510 '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'511 'short_name,'512 'long_name,'513 'build_id'514 ' FROM dsos')515 516do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW symbols_view AS '517 'SELECT '518 'id,'519 'name,'520 '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id=dso_id) AS dso,'521 'dso_id,'522 'sym_start,'523 'sym_end,'524 'CASE WHEN binding=0 THEN \'local\' WHEN binding=1 THEN \'global\' ELSE \'weak\' END AS binding'525 ' FROM symbols')526 527do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW threads_view AS '528 'SELECT '529 'id,'530 'machine_id,'531 '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'532 'process_id,'533 'pid,'534 'tid'535 ' FROM threads')536 537do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW comm_threads_view AS '538 'SELECT '539 'comm_id,'540 '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'541 'thread_id,'542 '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'543 '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid'544 ' FROM comm_threads')545 546if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:547 do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW call_paths_view AS '548 'SELECT '549 'c.id,'550 'to_hex(c.ip) AS ip,'551 'c.symbol_id,'552 '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS symbol,'553 '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_id,'554 '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_short_name,'555 'c.parent_id,'556 'to_hex(p.ip) AS parent_ip,'557 'p.symbol_id AS parent_symbol_id,'558 '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_symbol,'559 '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_id,'560 '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_short_name'561 ' FROM call_paths c INNER JOIN call_paths p ON p.id = c.parent_id')562if perf_db_export_calls:563 do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW calls_view AS '564 'SELECT '565 'calls.id,'566 'thread_id,'567 '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'568 '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'569 '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'570 'call_path_id,'571 'to_hex(ip) AS ip,'572 'symbol_id,'573 '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'574 'call_time,'575 'return_time,'576 'return_time - call_time AS elapsed_time,'577 'branch_count,'578 'insn_count,'579 'cyc_count,'580 'CASE WHEN cyc_count=0 THEN CAST(0 AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) ELSE CAST((CAST(insn_count AS FLOAT) / cyc_count) AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) END AS IPC,'581 'call_id,'582 'return_id,'583 'CASE WHEN flags=0 THEN \'\' WHEN flags=1 THEN \'no call\' WHEN flags=2 THEN \'no return\' WHEN flags=3 THEN \'no call/return\' WHEN flags=6 THEN \'jump\' ELSE CAST ( flags AS VARCHAR(6) ) END AS flags,'584 'parent_call_path_id,'585 'calls.parent_id'586 ' FROM calls INNER JOIN call_paths ON call_paths.id = call_path_id')587 588do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW samples_view AS '589 'SELECT '590 'id,'591 'time,'592 'cpu,'593 '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'594 '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'595 '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'596 '(SELECT name FROM selected_events WHERE id = evsel_id) AS event,'597 'to_hex(ip) AS ip_hex,'598 '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'599 'sym_offset,'600 '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = dso_id) AS dso_short_name,'601 'to_hex(to_ip) AS to_ip_hex,'602 '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = to_symbol_id) AS to_symbol,'603 'to_sym_offset,'604 '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = to_dso_id) AS to_dso_short_name,'605 '(SELECT name FROM branch_types WHERE id = branch_type) AS branch_type_name,'606 'in_tx,'607 'insn_count,'608 'cyc_count,'609 'CASE WHEN cyc_count=0 THEN CAST(0 AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) ELSE CAST((CAST(insn_count AS FLOAT) / cyc_count) AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) END AS IPC,'610 'flags'611 ' FROM samples')612 613do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW ptwrite_view AS '614 'SELECT '615 'ptwrite.id,'616 'time,'617 'cpu,'618 'to_hex(payload) AS payload_hex,'619 'CASE WHEN exact_ip=FALSE THEN \'False\' ELSE \'True\' END AS exact_ip'620 ' FROM ptwrite'621 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = ptwrite.id')622 623do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW cbr_view AS '624 'SELECT '625 'cbr.id,'626 'time,'627 'cpu,'628 'cbr,'629 'mhz,'630 'percent'631 ' FROM cbr'632 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = cbr.id')633 634do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW mwait_view AS '635 'SELECT '636 'mwait.id,'637 'time,'638 'cpu,'639 'to_hex(hints) AS hints_hex,'640 'to_hex(extensions) AS extensions_hex'641 ' FROM mwait'642 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = mwait.id')643 644do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW pwre_view AS '645 'SELECT '646 'pwre.id,'647 'time,'648 'cpu,'649 'cstate,'650 'subcstate,'651 'CASE WHEN hw=FALSE THEN \'False\' ELSE \'True\' END AS hw'652 ' FROM pwre'653 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = pwre.id')654 655do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW exstop_view AS '656 'SELECT '657 'exstop.id,'658 'time,'659 'cpu,'660 'CASE WHEN exact_ip=FALSE THEN \'False\' ELSE \'True\' END AS exact_ip'661 ' FROM exstop'662 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = exstop.id')663 664do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW pwrx_view AS '665 'SELECT '666 'pwrx.id,'667 'time,'668 'cpu,'669 'deepest_cstate,'670 'last_cstate,'671 'CASE WHEN wake_reason=1 THEN \'Interrupt\''672 ' WHEN wake_reason=2 THEN \'Timer Deadline\''673 ' WHEN wake_reason=4 THEN \'Monitored Address\''674 ' WHEN wake_reason=8 THEN \'HW\''675 ' ELSE CAST ( wake_reason AS VARCHAR(2) )'676 'END AS wake_reason'677 ' FROM pwrx'678 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = pwrx.id')679 680do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW power_events_view AS '681 'SELECT '682 'samples.id,'683 'samples.time,'684 'samples.cpu,'685 'selected_events.name AS event,'686 'FORMAT(\'%6s\', cbr.cbr) AS cbr,'687 'FORMAT(\'%6s\', cbr.mhz) AS MHz,'688 'FORMAT(\'%5s\', cbr.percent) AS percent,'689 'to_hex(mwait.hints) AS hints_hex,'690 'to_hex(mwait.extensions) AS extensions_hex,'691 'FORMAT(\'%3s\', pwre.cstate) AS cstate,'692 'FORMAT(\'%3s\', pwre.subcstate) AS subcstate,'693 'CASE WHEN pwre.hw=FALSE THEN \'False\' WHEN pwre.hw=TRUE THEN \'True\' ELSE NULL END AS hw,'694 'CASE WHEN exstop.exact_ip=FALSE THEN \'False\' WHEN exstop.exact_ip=TRUE THEN \'True\' ELSE NULL END AS exact_ip,'695 'FORMAT(\'%3s\', pwrx.deepest_cstate) AS deepest_cstate,'696 'FORMAT(\'%3s\', pwrx.last_cstate) AS last_cstate,'697 'CASE WHEN pwrx.wake_reason=1 THEN \'Interrupt\''698 ' WHEN pwrx.wake_reason=2 THEN \'Timer Deadline\''699 ' WHEN pwrx.wake_reason=4 THEN \'Monitored Address\''700 ' WHEN pwrx.wake_reason=8 THEN \'HW\''701 ' ELSE FORMAT(\'%2s\', pwrx.wake_reason)'702 'END AS wake_reason'703 ' FROM cbr'704 ' FULL JOIN mwait ON mwait.id = cbr.id'705 ' FULL JOIN pwre ON pwre.id = cbr.id'706 ' FULL JOIN exstop ON exstop.id = cbr.id'707 ' FULL JOIN pwrx ON pwrx.id = cbr.id'708 ' INNER JOIN samples ON samples.id = coalesce(cbr.id, mwait.id, pwre.id, exstop.id, pwrx.id)'709 ' INNER JOIN selected_events ON selected_events.id = samples.evsel_id'710 ' ORDER BY samples.id')711 712do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW context_switches_view AS '713 'SELECT '714 'context_switches.id,'715 'context_switches.machine_id,'716 'context_switches.time,'717 'context_switches.cpu,'718 'th_out.pid AS pid_out,'719 'th_out.tid AS tid_out,'720 'comm_out.comm AS comm_out,'721 'th_in.pid AS pid_in,'722 'th_in.tid AS tid_in,'723 'comm_in.comm AS comm_in,'724 'CASE WHEN context_switches.flags = 0 THEN \'in\''725 ' WHEN context_switches.flags = 1 THEN \'out\''726 ' WHEN context_switches.flags = 3 THEN \'out preempt\''727 ' ELSE CAST ( context_switches.flags AS VARCHAR(11) )'728 'END AS flags'729 ' FROM context_switches'730 ' INNER JOIN threads AS th_out ON th_out.id = context_switches.thread_out_id'731 ' INNER JOIN threads AS th_in ON th_in.id = context_switches.thread_in_id'732 ' INNER JOIN comms AS comm_out ON comm_out.id = context_switches.comm_out_id'733 ' INNER JOIN comms AS comm_in ON comm_in.id = context_switches.comm_in_id')734 735file_header = struct.pack("!11sii", b"PGCOPY\n\377\r\n\0", 0, 0)736file_trailer = b"\377\377"737 738def open_output_file(file_name):739 path_name = output_dir_name + "/" + file_name740 file = open(path_name, "wb+")741 file.write(file_header)742 return file743 744def close_output_file(file):745 file.write(file_trailer)746 file.close()747 748def copy_output_file_direct(file, table_name):749 close_output_file(file)750 sql = "COPY " + table_name + " FROM '" + file.name + "' (FORMAT 'binary')"751 do_query(query, sql)752 753# Use COPY FROM STDIN because security may prevent postgres from accessing the files directly754def copy_output_file(file, table_name):755 conn = PQconnectdb(toclientstr("dbname = " + dbname))756 if (PQstatus(conn)):757 raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQconnectdb failed")758 file.write(file_trailer)759 file.seek(0)760 sql = "COPY " + table_name + " FROM STDIN (FORMAT 'binary')"761 res = PQexec(conn, toclientstr(sql))762 if (PQresultStatus(res) != 4):763 raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQexec failed")764 data = file.read(65536)765 while (len(data)):766 ret = PQputCopyData(conn, data, len(data))767 if (ret != 1):768 raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQputCopyData failed, error " + str(ret))769 data = file.read(65536)770 ret = PQputCopyEnd(conn, None)771 if (ret != 1):772 raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQputCopyEnd failed, error " + str(ret))773 PQfinish(conn)774 775def remove_output_file(file):776 name = file.name777 file.close()778 os.unlink(name)779 780evsel_file = open_output_file("evsel_table.bin")781machine_file = open_output_file("machine_table.bin")782thread_file = open_output_file("thread_table.bin")783comm_file = open_output_file("comm_table.bin")784comm_thread_file = open_output_file("comm_thread_table.bin")785dso_file = open_output_file("dso_table.bin")786symbol_file = open_output_file("symbol_table.bin")787branch_type_file = open_output_file("branch_type_table.bin")788sample_file = open_output_file("sample_table.bin")789if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:790 call_path_file = open_output_file("call_path_table.bin")791if perf_db_export_calls:792 call_file = open_output_file("call_table.bin")793ptwrite_file = open_output_file("ptwrite_table.bin")794cbr_file = open_output_file("cbr_table.bin")795mwait_file = open_output_file("mwait_table.bin")796pwre_file = open_output_file("pwre_table.bin")797exstop_file = open_output_file("exstop_table.bin")798pwrx_file = open_output_file("pwrx_table.bin")799context_switches_file = open_output_file("context_switches_table.bin")800 801def trace_begin():802 printdate("Writing to intermediate files...")803 # id == 0 means unknown. It is easier to create records for them than replace the zeroes with NULLs804 evsel_table(0, "unknown")805 machine_table(0, 0, "unknown")806 thread_table(0, 0, 0, -1, -1)807 comm_table(0, "unknown", 0, 0, 0)808 dso_table(0, 0, "unknown", "unknown", "")809 symbol_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "unknown")810 sample_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)811 if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:812 call_path_table(0, 0, 0, 0)813 call_return_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)814 815unhandled_count = 0816 817def is_table_empty(table_name):818 do_query(query, 'SELECT * FROM ' + table_name + ' LIMIT 1');819 if query.next():820 return False821 return True822 823def drop(table_name):824 do_query(query, 'DROP VIEW ' + table_name + '_view');825 do_query(query, 'DROP TABLE ' + table_name);826 827def trace_end():828 printdate("Copying to database...")829 copy_output_file(evsel_file, "selected_events")830 copy_output_file(machine_file, "machines")831 copy_output_file(thread_file, "threads")832 copy_output_file(comm_file, "comms")833 copy_output_file(comm_thread_file, "comm_threads")834 copy_output_file(dso_file, "dsos")835 copy_output_file(symbol_file, "symbols")836 copy_output_file(branch_type_file, "branch_types")837 copy_output_file(sample_file, "samples")838 if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:839 copy_output_file(call_path_file, "call_paths")840 if perf_db_export_calls:841 copy_output_file(call_file, "calls")842 copy_output_file(ptwrite_file, "ptwrite")843 copy_output_file(cbr_file, "cbr")844 copy_output_file(mwait_file, "mwait")845 copy_output_file(pwre_file, "pwre")846 copy_output_file(exstop_file, "exstop")847 copy_output_file(pwrx_file, "pwrx")848 copy_output_file(context_switches_file, "context_switches")849 850 printdate("Removing intermediate files...")851 remove_output_file(evsel_file)852 remove_output_file(machine_file)853 remove_output_file(thread_file)854 remove_output_file(comm_file)855 remove_output_file(comm_thread_file)856 remove_output_file(dso_file)857 remove_output_file(symbol_file)858 remove_output_file(branch_type_file)859 remove_output_file(sample_file)860 if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:861 remove_output_file(call_path_file)862 if perf_db_export_calls:863 remove_output_file(call_file)864 remove_output_file(ptwrite_file)865 remove_output_file(cbr_file)866 remove_output_file(mwait_file)867 remove_output_file(pwre_file)868 remove_output_file(exstop_file)869 remove_output_file(pwrx_file)870 remove_output_file(context_switches_file)871 os.rmdir(output_dir_name)872 printdate("Adding primary keys")873 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE selected_events ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')874 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE machines ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')875 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE threads ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')876 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comms ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')877 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comm_threads ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')878 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE dsos ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')879 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE symbols ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')880 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE branch_types ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')881 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE samples ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')882 if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:883 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE call_paths ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')884 if perf_db_export_calls:885 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE calls ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')886 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE ptwrite ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')887 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE cbr ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')888 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE mwait ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')889 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE pwre ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')890 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE exstop ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')891 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE pwrx ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')892 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE context_switches ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')893 894 printdate("Adding foreign keys")895 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE threads '896 'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk FOREIGN KEY (machine_id) REFERENCES machines (id),'897 'ADD CONSTRAINT processfk FOREIGN KEY (process_id) REFERENCES threads (id)')898 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comms '899 'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk FOREIGN KEY (c_thread_id) REFERENCES threads (id)')900 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comm_threads '901 'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk FOREIGN KEY (comm_id) REFERENCES comms (id),'902 'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk FOREIGN KEY (thread_id) REFERENCES threads (id)')903 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE dsos '904 'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk FOREIGN KEY (machine_id) REFERENCES machines (id)')905 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE symbols '906 'ADD CONSTRAINT dsofk FOREIGN KEY (dso_id) REFERENCES dsos (id)')907 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE samples '908 'ADD CONSTRAINT evselfk FOREIGN KEY (evsel_id) REFERENCES selected_events (id),'909 'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk FOREIGN KEY (machine_id) REFERENCES machines (id),'910 'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk FOREIGN KEY (thread_id) REFERENCES threads (id),'911 'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk FOREIGN KEY (comm_id) REFERENCES comms (id),'912 'ADD CONSTRAINT dsofk FOREIGN KEY (dso_id) REFERENCES dsos (id),'913 'ADD CONSTRAINT symbolfk FOREIGN KEY (symbol_id) REFERENCES symbols (id),'914 'ADD CONSTRAINT todsofk FOREIGN KEY (to_dso_id) REFERENCES dsos (id),'915 'ADD CONSTRAINT tosymbolfk FOREIGN KEY (to_symbol_id) REFERENCES symbols (id)')916 if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:917 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE call_paths '918 'ADD CONSTRAINT parentfk FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES call_paths (id),'919 'ADD CONSTRAINT symbolfk FOREIGN KEY (symbol_id) REFERENCES symbols (id)')920 if perf_db_export_calls:921 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE calls '922 'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk FOREIGN KEY (thread_id) REFERENCES threads (id),'923 'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk FOREIGN KEY (comm_id) REFERENCES comms (id),'924 'ADD CONSTRAINT call_pathfk FOREIGN KEY (call_path_id) REFERENCES call_paths (id),'925 'ADD CONSTRAINT callfk FOREIGN KEY (call_id) REFERENCES samples (id),'926 'ADD CONSTRAINT returnfk FOREIGN KEY (return_id) REFERENCES samples (id),'927 'ADD CONSTRAINT parent_call_pathfk FOREIGN KEY (parent_call_path_id) REFERENCES call_paths (id)')928 do_query(query, 'CREATE INDEX pcpid_idx ON calls (parent_call_path_id)')929 do_query(query, 'CREATE INDEX pid_idx ON calls (parent_id)')930 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comms ADD has_calls boolean')931 do_query(query, 'UPDATE comms SET has_calls = TRUE WHERE comms.id IN (SELECT DISTINCT comm_id FROM calls)')932 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE ptwrite '933 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')934 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE cbr '935 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')936 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE mwait '937 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')938 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE pwre '939 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')940 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE exstop '941 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')942 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE pwrx '943 'ADD CONSTRAINT idfk FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES samples (id)')944 do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE context_switches '945 'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk FOREIGN KEY (machine_id) REFERENCES machines (id),'946 'ADD CONSTRAINT toutfk FOREIGN KEY (thread_out_id) REFERENCES threads (id),'947 'ADD CONSTRAINT tinfk FOREIGN KEY (thread_in_id) REFERENCES threads (id),'948 'ADD CONSTRAINT coutfk FOREIGN KEY (comm_out_id) REFERENCES comms (id),'949 'ADD CONSTRAINT cinfk FOREIGN KEY (comm_in_id) REFERENCES comms (id)')950 951 printdate("Dropping unused tables")952 if is_table_empty("ptwrite"):953 drop("ptwrite")954 if is_table_empty("mwait") and is_table_empty("pwre") and is_table_empty("exstop") and is_table_empty("pwrx"):955 do_query(query, 'DROP VIEW power_events_view');956 drop("mwait")957 drop("pwre")958 drop("exstop")959 drop("pwrx")960 if is_table_empty("cbr"):961 drop("cbr")962 if is_table_empty("context_switches"):963 drop("context_switches")964 965 if (unhandled_count):966 printdate("Warning: ", unhandled_count, " unhandled events")967 printdate("Done")968 969def trace_unhandled(event_name, context, event_fields_dict):970 global unhandled_count971 unhandled_count += 1972 973def sched__sched_switch(*x):974 pass975 976def evsel_table(evsel_id, evsel_name, *x):977 evsel_name = toserverstr(evsel_name)978 n = len(evsel_name)979 fmt = "!hiqi" + str(n) + "s"980 value = struct.pack(fmt, 2, 8, evsel_id, n, evsel_name)981 evsel_file.write(value)982 983def machine_table(machine_id, pid, root_dir, *x):984 root_dir = toserverstr(root_dir)985 n = len(root_dir)986 fmt = "!hiqiii" + str(n) + "s"987 value = struct.pack(fmt, 3, 8, machine_id, 4, pid, n, root_dir)988 machine_file.write(value)989 990def thread_table(thread_id, machine_id, process_id, pid, tid, *x):991 value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiiii", 5, 8, thread_id, 8, machine_id, 8, process_id, 4, pid, 4, tid)992 thread_file.write(value)993 994def comm_table(comm_id, comm_str, thread_id, time, exec_flag, *x):995 comm_str = toserverstr(comm_str)996 n = len(comm_str)997 fmt = "!hiqi" + str(n) + "s" + "iqiqiB"998 value = struct.pack(fmt, 5, 8, comm_id, n, comm_str, 8, thread_id, 8, time, 1, exec_flag)999 comm_file.write(value)1000 1001def comm_thread_table(comm_thread_id, comm_id, thread_id, *x):1002 fmt = "!hiqiqiq"1003 value = struct.pack(fmt, 3, 8, comm_thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, thread_id)1004 comm_thread_file.write(value)1005 1006def dso_table(dso_id, machine_id, short_name, long_name, build_id, *x):1007 short_name = toserverstr(short_name)1008 long_name = toserverstr(long_name)1009 build_id = toserverstr(build_id)1010 n1 = len(short_name)1011 n2 = len(long_name)1012 n3 = len(build_id)1013 fmt = "!hiqiqi" + str(n1) + "si" + str(n2) + "si" + str(n3) + "s"1014 value = struct.pack(fmt, 5, 8, dso_id, 8, machine_id, n1, short_name, n2, long_name, n3, build_id)1015 dso_file.write(value)1016 1017def symbol_table(symbol_id, dso_id, sym_start, sym_end, binding, symbol_name, *x):1018 symbol_name = toserverstr(symbol_name)1019 n = len(symbol_name)1020 fmt = "!hiqiqiqiqiii" + str(n) + "s"1021 value = struct.pack(fmt, 6, 8, symbol_id, 8, dso_id, 8, sym_start, 8, sym_end, 4, binding, n, symbol_name)1022 symbol_file.write(value)1023 1024def branch_type_table(branch_type, name, *x):1025 name = toserverstr(name)1026 n = len(name)1027 fmt = "!hiii" + str(n) + "s"1028 value = struct.pack(fmt, 2, 4, branch_type, n, name)1029 branch_type_file.write(value)1030 1031def sample_table(sample_id, evsel_id, machine_id, thread_id, comm_id, dso_id, symbol_id, sym_offset, ip, time, cpu, to_dso_id, to_symbol_id, to_sym_offset, to_ip, period, weight, transaction, data_src, branch_type, in_tx, call_path_id, insn_cnt, cyc_cnt, flags, *x):1032 if branches:1033 value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiqiqiqiqiiiBiqiqiqii", 21, 8, sample_id, 8, evsel_id, 8, machine_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, dso_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, sym_offset, 8, ip, 8, time, 4, cpu, 8, to_dso_id, 8, to_symbol_id, 8, to_sym_offset, 8, to_ip, 4, branch_type, 1, in_tx, 8, call_path_id, 8, insn_cnt, 8, cyc_cnt, 4, flags)1034 else:1035 value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiBiqiqiqii", 25, 8, sample_id, 8, evsel_id, 8, machine_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, dso_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, sym_offset, 8, ip, 8, time, 4, cpu, 8, to_dso_id, 8, to_symbol_id, 8, to_sym_offset, 8, to_ip, 8, period, 8, weight, 8, transaction, 8, data_src, 4, branch_type, 1, in_tx, 8, call_path_id, 8, insn_cnt, 8, cyc_cnt, 4, flags)1036 sample_file.write(value)1037 1038def call_path_table(cp_id, parent_id, symbol_id, ip, *x):1039 fmt = "!hiqiqiqiq"1040 value = struct.pack(fmt, 4, 8, cp_id, 8, parent_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, ip)1041 call_path_file.write(value)1042 1043def call_return_table(cr_id, thread_id, comm_id, call_path_id, call_time, return_time, branch_count, call_id, return_id, parent_call_path_id, flags, parent_id, insn_cnt, cyc_cnt, *x):1044 fmt = "!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiqiqiq"1045 value = struct.pack(fmt, 14, 8, cr_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, call_path_id, 8, call_time, 8, return_time, 8, branch_count, 8, call_id, 8, return_id, 8, parent_call_path_id, 4, flags, 8, parent_id, 8, insn_cnt, 8, cyc_cnt)1046 call_file.write(value)1047 1048def ptwrite(id, raw_buf):1049 data = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", raw_buf)1050 flags = data[0]1051 payload = data[1]1052 exact_ip = flags & 11053 value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiB", 3, 8, id, 8, payload, 1, exact_ip)1054 ptwrite_file.write(value)1055 1056def cbr(id, raw_buf):1057 data = struct.unpack_from("<BBBBII", raw_buf)1058 cbr = data[0]1059 MHz = (data[4] + 500) / 10001060 percent = ((cbr * 1000 / data[2]) + 5) / 101061 value = struct.pack("!hiqiiiiii", 4, 8, id, 4, cbr, 4, int(MHz), 4, int(percent))1062 cbr_file.write(value)1063 1064def mwait(id, raw_buf):1065 data = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", raw_buf)1066 payload = data[1]1067 hints = payload & 0xff1068 extensions = (payload >> 32) & 0x31069 value = struct.pack("!hiqiiii", 3, 8, id, 4, hints, 4, extensions)1070 mwait_file.write(value)1071 1072def pwre(id, raw_buf):1073 data = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", raw_buf)1074 payload = data[1]1075 hw = (payload >> 7) & 11076 cstate = (payload >> 12) & 0xf1077 subcstate = (payload >> 8) & 0xf1078 value = struct.pack("!hiqiiiiiB", 4, 8, id, 4, cstate, 4, subcstate, 1, hw)1079 pwre_file.write(value)1080 1081def exstop(id, raw_buf):1082 data = struct.unpack_from("<I", raw_buf)1083 flags = data[0]1084 exact_ip = flags & 11085 value = struct.pack("!hiqiB", 2, 8, id, 1, exact_ip)1086 exstop_file.write(value)1087 1088def pwrx(id, raw_buf):1089 data = struct.unpack_from("<IQ", raw_buf)1090 payload = data[1]1091 deepest_cstate = payload & 0xf1092 last_cstate = (payload >> 4) & 0xf1093 wake_reason = (payload >> 8) & 0xf1094 value = struct.pack("!hiqiiiiii", 4, 8, id, 4, deepest_cstate, 4, last_cstate, 4, wake_reason)1095 pwrx_file.write(value)1096 1097def synth_data(id, config, raw_buf, *x):1098 if config == 0:1099 ptwrite(id, raw_buf)1100 elif config == 1:1101 mwait(id, raw_buf)1102 elif config == 2:1103 pwre(id, raw_buf)1104 elif config == 3:1105 exstop(id, raw_buf)1106 elif config == 4:1107 pwrx(id, raw_buf)1108 elif config == 5:1109 cbr(id, raw_buf)1110 1111def context_switch_table(id, machine_id, time, cpu, thread_out_id, comm_out_id, thread_in_id, comm_in_id, flags, *x):1112 fmt = "!hiqiqiqiiiqiqiqiqii"1113 value = struct.pack(fmt, 9, 8, id, 8, machine_id, 8, time, 4, cpu, 8, thread_out_id, 8, comm_out_id, 8, thread_in_id, 8, comm_in_id, 4, flags)1114 context_switches_file.write(value)1115