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1//===----- CGCUDANV.cpp - Interface to NVIDIA CUDA Runtime ----------------===//2//3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception6//7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//8//9// This provides a class for CUDA code generation targeting the NVIDIA CUDA10// runtime library.11//12//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//13 14#include "CGCUDARuntime.h"15#include "CGCXXABI.h"16#include "CodeGenFunction.h"17#include "CodeGenModule.h"18#include "clang/AST/CharUnits.h"19#include "clang/AST/Decl.h"20#include "clang/Basic/Cuda.h"21#include "clang/CodeGen/CodeGenABITypes.h"22#include "clang/CodeGen/ConstantInitBuilder.h"23#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"24#include "llvm/Frontend/Offloading/Utility.h"25#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"26#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"27#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"28#include "llvm/IR/ReplaceConstant.h"29#include "llvm/Support/Format.h"30#include "llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h"31 32using namespace clang;33using namespace CodeGen;34 35namespace {36constexpr unsigned CudaFatMagic = 0x466243b1;37constexpr unsigned HIPFatMagic = 0x48495046; // "HIPF"38 39class CGNVCUDARuntime : public CGCUDARuntime {40 41  /// The prefix used for function calls and section names (CUDA, HIP, LLVM)42  StringRef Prefix;43 44private:45  llvm::IntegerType *IntTy, *SizeTy;46  llvm::Type *VoidTy;47  llvm::PointerType *PtrTy;48 49  /// Convenience reference to LLVM Context50  llvm::LLVMContext &Context;51  /// Convenience reference to the current module52  llvm::Module &TheModule;53  /// Keeps track of kernel launch stubs and handles emitted in this module54  struct KernelInfo {55    llvm::Function *Kernel; // stub function to help launch kernel56    const Decl *D;57  };58  llvm::SmallVector<KernelInfo, 16> EmittedKernels;59  // Map a kernel mangled name to a symbol for identifying kernel in host code60  // For CUDA, the symbol for identifying the kernel is the same as the device61  // stub function. For HIP, they are different.62  llvm::DenseMap<StringRef, llvm::GlobalValue *> KernelHandles;63  // Map a kernel handle to the kernel stub.64  llvm::DenseMap<llvm::GlobalValue *, llvm::Function *> KernelStubs;65  struct VarInfo {66    llvm::GlobalVariable *Var;67    const VarDecl *D;68    DeviceVarFlags Flags;69  };70  llvm::SmallVector<VarInfo, 16> DeviceVars;71  /// Keeps track of variable containing handle of GPU binary. Populated by72  /// ModuleCtorFunction() and used to create corresponding cleanup calls in73  /// ModuleDtorFunction()74  llvm::GlobalVariable *GpuBinaryHandle = nullptr;75  /// Whether we generate relocatable device code.76  bool RelocatableDeviceCode;77  /// Mangle context for device.78  std::unique_ptr<MangleContext> DeviceMC;79 80  llvm::FunctionCallee getSetupArgumentFn() const;81  llvm::FunctionCallee getLaunchFn() const;82 83  llvm::FunctionType *getRegisterGlobalsFnTy() const;84  llvm::FunctionType *getCallbackFnTy() const;85  llvm::FunctionType *getRegisterLinkedBinaryFnTy() const;86  std::string addPrefixToName(StringRef FuncName) const;87  std::string addUnderscoredPrefixToName(StringRef FuncName) const;88 89  /// Creates a function to register all kernel stubs generated in this module.90  llvm::Function *makeRegisterGlobalsFn();91 92  /// Helper function that generates a constant string and returns a pointer to93  /// the start of the string.  The result of this function can be used anywhere94  /// where the C code specifies const char*.95  llvm::Constant *makeConstantString(const std::string &Str,96                                     const std::string &Name = "") {97    return CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCString(Str, Name).getPointer();98  }99 100  /// Helper function which generates an initialized constant array from Str,101  /// and optionally sets section name and alignment. AddNull specifies whether102  /// the array should nave NUL termination.103  llvm::Constant *makeConstantArray(StringRef Str,104                                    StringRef Name = "",105                                    StringRef SectionName = "",106                                    unsigned Alignment = 0,107                                    bool AddNull = false) {108    llvm::Constant *Value =109        llvm::ConstantDataArray::getString(Context, Str, AddNull);110    auto *GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(111        TheModule, Value->getType(), /*isConstant=*/true,112        llvm::GlobalValue::PrivateLinkage, Value, Name);113    if (!SectionName.empty()) {114      GV->setSection(SectionName);115      // Mark the address as used which make sure that this section isn't116      // merged and we will really have it in the object file.117      GV->setUnnamedAddr(llvm::GlobalValue::UnnamedAddr::None);118    }119    if (Alignment)120      GV->setAlignment(llvm::Align(Alignment));121    return GV;122  }123 124  /// Helper function that generates an empty dummy function returning void.125  llvm::Function *makeDummyFunction(llvm::FunctionType *FnTy) {126    assert(FnTy->getReturnType()->isVoidTy() &&127           "Can only generate dummy functions returning void!");128    llvm::Function *DummyFunc = llvm::Function::Create(129        FnTy, llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage, "dummy", &TheModule);130 131    llvm::BasicBlock *DummyBlock =132        llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "", DummyFunc);133    CGBuilderTy FuncBuilder(CGM, Context);134    FuncBuilder.SetInsertPoint(DummyBlock);135    FuncBuilder.CreateRetVoid();136 137    return DummyFunc;138  }139 140  Address prepareKernelArgs(CodeGenFunction &CGF, FunctionArgList &Args);141  Address prepareKernelArgsLLVMOffload(CodeGenFunction &CGF,142                                       FunctionArgList &Args);143  void emitDeviceStubBodyLegacy(CodeGenFunction &CGF, FunctionArgList &Args);144  void emitDeviceStubBodyNew(CodeGenFunction &CGF, FunctionArgList &Args);145  std::string getDeviceSideName(const NamedDecl *ND) override;146 147  void registerDeviceVar(const VarDecl *VD, llvm::GlobalVariable &Var,148                         bool Extern, bool Constant) {149    DeviceVars.push_back({&Var,150                          VD,151                          {DeviceVarFlags::Variable, Extern, Constant,152                           VD->hasAttr<HIPManagedAttr>(),153                           /*Normalized*/ false, 0}});154  }155  void registerDeviceSurf(const VarDecl *VD, llvm::GlobalVariable &Var,156                          bool Extern, int Type) {157    DeviceVars.push_back({&Var,158                          VD,159                          {DeviceVarFlags::Surface, Extern, /*Constant*/ false,160                           /*Managed*/ false,161                           /*Normalized*/ false, Type}});162  }163  void registerDeviceTex(const VarDecl *VD, llvm::GlobalVariable &Var,164                         bool Extern, int Type, bool Normalized) {165    DeviceVars.push_back({&Var,166                          VD,167                          {DeviceVarFlags::Texture, Extern, /*Constant*/ false,168                           /*Managed*/ false, Normalized, Type}});169  }170 171  /// Creates module constructor function172  llvm::Function *makeModuleCtorFunction();173  /// Creates module destructor function174  llvm::Function *makeModuleDtorFunction();175  /// Transform managed variables for device compilation.176  void transformManagedVars();177  /// Create offloading entries to register globals in RDC mode.178  void createOffloadingEntries();179 180public:181  CGNVCUDARuntime(CodeGenModule &CGM);182 183  llvm::GlobalValue *getKernelHandle(llvm::Function *F, GlobalDecl GD) override;184  llvm::Function *getKernelStub(llvm::GlobalValue *Handle) override {185    auto Loc = KernelStubs.find(Handle);186    assert(Loc != KernelStubs.end());187    return Loc->second;188  }189  void emitDeviceStub(CodeGenFunction &CGF, FunctionArgList &Args) override;190  void handleVarRegistration(const VarDecl *VD,191                             llvm::GlobalVariable &Var) override;192  void193  internalizeDeviceSideVar(const VarDecl *D,194                           llvm::GlobalValue::LinkageTypes &Linkage) override;195 196  llvm::Function *finalizeModule() override;197};198 199} // end anonymous namespace200 201std::string CGNVCUDARuntime::addPrefixToName(StringRef FuncName) const {202  return (Prefix + FuncName).str();203}204std::string205CGNVCUDARuntime::addUnderscoredPrefixToName(StringRef FuncName) const {206  return ("__" + Prefix + FuncName).str();207}208 209static std::unique_ptr<MangleContext> InitDeviceMC(CodeGenModule &CGM) {210  // If the host and device have different C++ ABIs, mark it as the device211  // mangle context so that the mangling needs to retrieve the additional212  // device lambda mangling number instead of the regular host one.213  if (CGM.getContext().getAuxTargetInfo() &&214      CGM.getContext().getTargetInfo().getCXXABI().isMicrosoft() &&215      CGM.getContext().getAuxTargetInfo()->getCXXABI().isItaniumFamily()) {216    return std::unique_ptr<MangleContext>(217        CGM.getContext().createDeviceMangleContext(218            *CGM.getContext().getAuxTargetInfo()));219  }220 221  return std::unique_ptr<MangleContext>(CGM.getContext().createMangleContext(222      CGM.getContext().getAuxTargetInfo()));223}224 225CGNVCUDARuntime::CGNVCUDARuntime(CodeGenModule &CGM)226    : CGCUDARuntime(CGM), Context(CGM.getLLVMContext()),227      TheModule(CGM.getModule()),228      RelocatableDeviceCode(CGM.getLangOpts().GPURelocatableDeviceCode),229      DeviceMC(InitDeviceMC(CGM)) {230  IntTy = CGM.IntTy;231  SizeTy = CGM.SizeTy;232  VoidTy = CGM.VoidTy;233  PtrTy = CGM.DefaultPtrTy;234 235  if (CGM.getLangOpts().OffloadViaLLVM)236    Prefix = "llvm";237  else if (CGM.getLangOpts().HIP)238    Prefix = "hip";239  else240    Prefix = "cuda";241}242 243llvm::FunctionCallee CGNVCUDARuntime::getSetupArgumentFn() const {244  // cudaError_t cudaSetupArgument(void *, size_t, size_t)245  llvm::Type *Params[] = {PtrTy, SizeTy, SizeTy};246  return CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(247      llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, Params, false),248      addPrefixToName("SetupArgument"));249}250 251llvm::FunctionCallee CGNVCUDARuntime::getLaunchFn() const {252  if (CGM.getLangOpts().HIP) {253    // hipError_t hipLaunchByPtr(char *);254    return CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(255        llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, PtrTy, false), "hipLaunchByPtr");256  }257  // cudaError_t cudaLaunch(char *);258  return CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, PtrTy, false),259                                   "cudaLaunch");260}261 262llvm::FunctionType *CGNVCUDARuntime::getRegisterGlobalsFnTy() const {263  return llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, PtrTy, false);264}265 266llvm::FunctionType *CGNVCUDARuntime::getCallbackFnTy() const {267  return llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, PtrTy, false);268}269 270llvm::FunctionType *CGNVCUDARuntime::getRegisterLinkedBinaryFnTy() const {271  llvm::Type *Params[] = {llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Context), PtrTy, PtrTy,272                          llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Context)};273  return llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, Params, false);274}275 276std::string CGNVCUDARuntime::getDeviceSideName(const NamedDecl *ND) {277  GlobalDecl GD;278  // D could be either a kernel or a variable.279  if (auto *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(ND))280    GD = GlobalDecl(FD, KernelReferenceKind::Kernel);281  else282    GD = GlobalDecl(ND);283  std::string DeviceSideName;284  MangleContext *MC;285  if (CGM.getLangOpts().CUDAIsDevice)286    MC = &CGM.getCXXABI().getMangleContext();287  else288    MC = DeviceMC.get();289  if (MC->shouldMangleDeclName(ND)) {290    SmallString<256> Buffer;291    llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(Buffer);292    MC->mangleName(GD, Out);293    DeviceSideName = std::string(Out.str());294  } else295    DeviceSideName = std::string(ND->getIdentifier()->getName());296 297  // Make unique name for device side static file-scope variable for HIP.298  if (CGM.getContext().shouldExternalize(ND) &&299      CGM.getLangOpts().GPURelocatableDeviceCode) {300    SmallString<256> Buffer;301    llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(Buffer);302    Out << DeviceSideName;303    CGM.printPostfixForExternalizedDecl(Out, ND);304    DeviceSideName = std::string(Out.str());305  }306  return DeviceSideName;307}308 309void CGNVCUDARuntime::emitDeviceStub(CodeGenFunction &CGF,310                                     FunctionArgList &Args) {311  EmittedKernels.push_back({CGF.CurFn, CGF.CurFuncDecl});312  if (auto *GV =313          dyn_cast<llvm::GlobalVariable>(KernelHandles[CGF.CurFn->getName()])) {314    GV->setLinkage(CGF.CurFn->getLinkage());315    GV->setInitializer(CGF.CurFn);316  }317  if (CudaFeatureEnabled(CGM.getTarget().getSDKVersion(),318                         CudaFeature::CUDA_USES_NEW_LAUNCH) ||319      (CGF.getLangOpts().HIP && CGF.getLangOpts().HIPUseNewLaunchAPI) ||320      (CGF.getLangOpts().OffloadViaLLVM))321    emitDeviceStubBodyNew(CGF, Args);322  else323    emitDeviceStubBodyLegacy(CGF, Args);324}325 326/// CUDA passes the arguments with a level of indirection. For example, a327/// (void*, short, void*) is passed as {void **, short *, void **} to the launch328/// function. For the LLVM/offload launch we flatten the arguments into the329/// struct directly. In addition, we include the size of the arguments, thus330/// pass {sizeof({void *, short, void *}), ptr to {void *, short, void *},331/// nullptr}. The last nullptr needs to be initialized to an array of pointers332/// pointing to the arguments if we want to offload to the host.333Address CGNVCUDARuntime::prepareKernelArgsLLVMOffload(CodeGenFunction &CGF,334                                                      FunctionArgList &Args) {335  SmallVector<llvm::Type *> ArgTypes, KernelLaunchParamsTypes;336  for (auto &Arg : Args)337    ArgTypes.push_back(CGF.ConvertTypeForMem(Arg->getType()));338  llvm::StructType *KernelArgsTy = llvm::StructType::create(ArgTypes);339 340  auto *Int64Ty = CGF.Builder.getInt64Ty();341  KernelLaunchParamsTypes.push_back(Int64Ty);342  KernelLaunchParamsTypes.push_back(PtrTy);343  KernelLaunchParamsTypes.push_back(PtrTy);344 345  llvm::StructType *KernelLaunchParamsTy =346      llvm::StructType::create(KernelLaunchParamsTypes);347  Address KernelArgs = CGF.CreateTempAllocaWithoutCast(348      KernelArgsTy, CharUnits::fromQuantity(16), "kernel_args");349  Address KernelLaunchParams = CGF.CreateTempAllocaWithoutCast(350      KernelLaunchParamsTy, CharUnits::fromQuantity(16),351      "kernel_launch_params");352 353  auto KernelArgsSize = CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeAllocSize(KernelArgsTy);354  CGF.Builder.CreateStore(llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, KernelArgsSize),355                          CGF.Builder.CreateStructGEP(KernelLaunchParams, 0));356  CGF.Builder.CreateStore(KernelArgs.emitRawPointer(CGF),357                          CGF.Builder.CreateStructGEP(KernelLaunchParams, 1));358  CGF.Builder.CreateStore(llvm::Constant::getNullValue(PtrTy),359                          CGF.Builder.CreateStructGEP(KernelLaunchParams, 2));360 361  for (unsigned i = 0; i < Args.size(); ++i) {362    auto *ArgVal = CGF.Builder.CreateLoad(CGF.GetAddrOfLocalVar(Args[i]));363    CGF.Builder.CreateStore(ArgVal, CGF.Builder.CreateStructGEP(KernelArgs, i));364  }365 366  return KernelLaunchParams;367}368 369Address CGNVCUDARuntime::prepareKernelArgs(CodeGenFunction &CGF,370                                           FunctionArgList &Args) {371  // Calculate amount of space we will need for all arguments.  If we have no372  // args, allocate a single pointer so we still have a valid pointer to the373  // argument array that we can pass to runtime, even if it will be unused.374  Address KernelArgs = CGF.CreateTempAlloca(375      PtrTy, CharUnits::fromQuantity(16), "kernel_args",376      llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, std::max<size_t>(1, Args.size())));377  // Store pointers to the arguments in a locally allocated launch_args.378  for (unsigned i = 0; i < Args.size(); ++i) {379    llvm::Value *VarPtr = CGF.GetAddrOfLocalVar(Args[i]).emitRawPointer(CGF);380    llvm::Value *VoidVarPtr = CGF.Builder.CreatePointerCast(VarPtr, PtrTy);381    CGF.Builder.CreateDefaultAlignedStore(382        VoidVarPtr, CGF.Builder.CreateConstGEP1_32(383                        PtrTy, KernelArgs.emitRawPointer(CGF), i));384  }385  return KernelArgs;386}387 388// CUDA 9.0+ uses new way to launch kernels. Parameters are packed in a local389// array and kernels are launched using cudaLaunchKernel().390void CGNVCUDARuntime::emitDeviceStubBodyNew(CodeGenFunction &CGF,391                                            FunctionArgList &Args) {392  // Build the shadow stack entry at the very start of the function.393  Address KernelArgs = CGF.getLangOpts().OffloadViaLLVM394                           ? prepareKernelArgsLLVMOffload(CGF, Args)395                           : prepareKernelArgs(CGF, Args);396 397  llvm::BasicBlock *EndBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("setup.end");398 399  // Lookup cudaLaunchKernel/hipLaunchKernel function.400  // HIP kernel launching API name depends on -fgpu-default-stream option. For401  // the default value 'legacy', it is hipLaunchKernel. For 'per-thread',402  // it is hipLaunchKernel_spt.403  // cudaError_t cudaLaunchKernel(const void *func, dim3 gridDim, dim3 blockDim,404  //                              void **args, size_t sharedMem,405  //                              cudaStream_t stream);406  // hipError_t hipLaunchKernel[_spt](const void *func, dim3 gridDim,407  //                                  dim3 blockDim, void **args,408  //                                  size_t sharedMem, hipStream_t stream);409  TranslationUnitDecl *TUDecl = CGM.getContext().getTranslationUnitDecl();410  DeclContext *DC = TranslationUnitDecl::castToDeclContext(TUDecl);411  std::string KernelLaunchAPI = "LaunchKernel";412  if (CGF.getLangOpts().GPUDefaultStream ==413      LangOptions::GPUDefaultStreamKind::PerThread) {414    if (CGF.getLangOpts().HIP)415      KernelLaunchAPI = KernelLaunchAPI + "_spt";416    else if (CGF.getLangOpts().CUDA)417      KernelLaunchAPI = KernelLaunchAPI + "_ptsz";418  }419  auto LaunchKernelName = addPrefixToName(KernelLaunchAPI);420  const IdentifierInfo &cudaLaunchKernelII =421      CGM.getContext().Idents.get(LaunchKernelName);422  FunctionDecl *cudaLaunchKernelFD = nullptr;423  for (auto *Result : DC->lookup(&cudaLaunchKernelII)) {424    if (FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(Result))425      cudaLaunchKernelFD = FD;426  }427 428  if (cudaLaunchKernelFD == nullptr) {429    CGM.Error(CGF.CurFuncDecl->getLocation(),430              "Can't find declaration for " + LaunchKernelName);431    return;432  }433  // Create temporary dim3 grid_dim, block_dim.434  ParmVarDecl *GridDimParam = cudaLaunchKernelFD->getParamDecl(1);435  QualType Dim3Ty = GridDimParam->getType();436  Address GridDim =437      CGF.CreateMemTemp(Dim3Ty, CharUnits::fromQuantity(8), "grid_dim");438  Address BlockDim =439      CGF.CreateMemTemp(Dim3Ty, CharUnits::fromQuantity(8), "block_dim");440  Address ShmemSize =441      CGF.CreateTempAlloca(SizeTy, CGM.getSizeAlign(), "shmem_size");442  Address Stream = CGF.CreateTempAlloca(PtrTy, CGM.getPointerAlign(), "stream");443  llvm::FunctionCallee cudaPopConfigFn = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(444      llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy,445                              {/*gridDim=*/GridDim.getType(),446                               /*blockDim=*/BlockDim.getType(),447                               /*ShmemSize=*/ShmemSize.getType(),448                               /*Stream=*/Stream.getType()},449                              /*isVarArg=*/false),450      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("PopCallConfiguration"));451 452  CGF.EmitRuntimeCallOrInvoke(cudaPopConfigFn, {GridDim.emitRawPointer(CGF),453                                                BlockDim.emitRawPointer(CGF),454                                                ShmemSize.emitRawPointer(CGF),455                                                Stream.emitRawPointer(CGF)});456 457  // Emit the call to cudaLaunch458  llvm::Value *Kernel =459      CGF.Builder.CreatePointerCast(KernelHandles[CGF.CurFn->getName()], PtrTy);460  CallArgList LaunchKernelArgs;461  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::get(Kernel),462                       cudaLaunchKernelFD->getParamDecl(0)->getType());463  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::getAggregate(GridDim), Dim3Ty);464  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::getAggregate(BlockDim), Dim3Ty);465  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::get(KernelArgs, CGF),466                       cudaLaunchKernelFD->getParamDecl(3)->getType());467  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::get(CGF.Builder.CreateLoad(ShmemSize)),468                       cudaLaunchKernelFD->getParamDecl(4)->getType());469  LaunchKernelArgs.add(RValue::get(CGF.Builder.CreateLoad(Stream)),470                       cudaLaunchKernelFD->getParamDecl(5)->getType());471 472  QualType QT = cudaLaunchKernelFD->getType();473  QualType CQT = QT.getCanonicalType();474  llvm::Type *Ty = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(CQT);475  llvm::FunctionType *FTy = cast<llvm::FunctionType>(Ty);476 477  const CGFunctionInfo &FI =478      CGM.getTypes().arrangeFunctionDeclaration(cudaLaunchKernelFD);479  llvm::FunctionCallee cudaLaunchKernelFn =480      CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(FTy, LaunchKernelName);481  CGF.EmitCall(FI, CGCallee::forDirect(cudaLaunchKernelFn), ReturnValueSlot(),482               LaunchKernelArgs);483 484  // To prevent CUDA device stub functions from being merged by ICF in MSVC485  // environment, create an unique global variable for each kernel and write to486  // the variable in the device stub.487  if (CGM.getContext().getTargetInfo().getCXXABI().isMicrosoft() &&488      !CGF.getLangOpts().HIP) {489    llvm::Function *KernelFunction = llvm::cast<llvm::Function>(Kernel);490    std::string GlobalVarName = (KernelFunction->getName() + ".id").str();491 492    llvm::GlobalVariable *HandleVar =493        CGM.getModule().getNamedGlobal(GlobalVarName);494    if (!HandleVar) {495      HandleVar = new llvm::GlobalVariable(496          CGM.getModule(), CGM.Int8Ty,497          /*Constant=*/false, KernelFunction->getLinkage(),498          llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGM.Int8Ty, 0), GlobalVarName);499      HandleVar->setDSOLocal(KernelFunction->isDSOLocal());500      HandleVar->setVisibility(KernelFunction->getVisibility());501      if (KernelFunction->hasComdat())502        HandleVar->setComdat(CGM.getModule().getOrInsertComdat(GlobalVarName));503    }504 505    CGF.Builder.CreateAlignedStore(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGM.Int8Ty, 1),506                                   HandleVar, CharUnits::One(),507                                   /*IsVolatile=*/true);508  }509 510  CGF.EmitBranch(EndBlock);511 512  CGF.EmitBlock(EndBlock);513}514 515void CGNVCUDARuntime::emitDeviceStubBodyLegacy(CodeGenFunction &CGF,516                                               FunctionArgList &Args) {517  // Emit a call to cudaSetupArgument for each arg in Args.518  llvm::FunctionCallee cudaSetupArgFn = getSetupArgumentFn();519  llvm::BasicBlock *EndBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("setup.end");520  CharUnits Offset = CharUnits::Zero();521  for (const VarDecl *A : Args) {522    auto TInfo = CGM.getContext().getTypeInfoInChars(A->getType());523    Offset = Offset.alignTo(TInfo.Align);524    llvm::Value *Args[] = {525        CGF.Builder.CreatePointerCast(526            CGF.GetAddrOfLocalVar(A).emitRawPointer(CGF), PtrTy),527        llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, TInfo.Width.getQuantity()),528        llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, Offset.getQuantity()),529    };530    llvm::CallBase *CB = CGF.EmitRuntimeCallOrInvoke(cudaSetupArgFn, Args);531    llvm::Constant *Zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, 0);532    llvm::Value *CBZero = CGF.Builder.CreateICmpEQ(CB, Zero);533    llvm::BasicBlock *NextBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("setup.next");534    CGF.Builder.CreateCondBr(CBZero, NextBlock, EndBlock);535    CGF.EmitBlock(NextBlock);536    Offset += TInfo.Width;537  }538 539  // Emit the call to cudaLaunch540  llvm::FunctionCallee cudaLaunchFn = getLaunchFn();541  llvm::Value *Arg =542      CGF.Builder.CreatePointerCast(KernelHandles[CGF.CurFn->getName()], PtrTy);543  CGF.EmitRuntimeCallOrInvoke(cudaLaunchFn, Arg);544  CGF.EmitBranch(EndBlock);545 546  CGF.EmitBlock(EndBlock);547}548 549// Replace the original variable Var with the address loaded from variable550// ManagedVar populated by HIP runtime.551static void replaceManagedVar(llvm::GlobalVariable *Var,552                              llvm::GlobalVariable *ManagedVar) {553  SmallVector<SmallVector<llvm::User *, 8>, 8> WorkList;554  for (auto &&VarUse : Var->uses()) {555    WorkList.push_back({VarUse.getUser()});556  }557  while (!WorkList.empty()) {558    auto &&WorkItem = WorkList.pop_back_val();559    auto *U = WorkItem.back();560    if (isa<llvm::ConstantExpr>(U)) {561      for (auto &&UU : U->uses()) {562        WorkItem.push_back(UU.getUser());563        WorkList.push_back(WorkItem);564        WorkItem.pop_back();565      }566      continue;567    }568    if (auto *I = dyn_cast<llvm::Instruction>(U)) {569      llvm::Value *OldV = Var;570      llvm::Instruction *NewV = new llvm::LoadInst(571          Var->getType(), ManagedVar, "ld.managed", false,572          llvm::Align(Var->getAlignment()), I->getIterator());573      WorkItem.pop_back();574      // Replace constant expressions directly or indirectly using the managed575      // variable with instructions.576      for (auto &&Op : WorkItem) {577        auto *CE = cast<llvm::ConstantExpr>(Op);578        auto *NewInst = CE->getAsInstruction();579        NewInst->insertBefore(*I->getParent(), I->getIterator());580        NewInst->replaceUsesOfWith(OldV, NewV);581        OldV = CE;582        NewV = NewInst;583      }584      I->replaceUsesOfWith(OldV, NewV);585    } else {586      llvm_unreachable("Invalid use of managed variable");587    }588  }589}590 591/// Creates a function that sets up state on the host side for CUDA objects that592/// have a presence on both the host and device sides. Specifically, registers593/// the host side of kernel functions and device global variables with the CUDA594/// runtime.595/// \code596/// void __cuda_register_globals(void** GpuBinaryHandle) {597///    __cudaRegisterFunction(GpuBinaryHandle,Kernel0,...);598///    ...599///    __cudaRegisterFunction(GpuBinaryHandle,KernelM,...);600///    __cudaRegisterVar(GpuBinaryHandle, GlobalVar0, ...);601///    ...602///    __cudaRegisterVar(GpuBinaryHandle, GlobalVarN, ...);603/// }604/// \endcode605llvm::Function *CGNVCUDARuntime::makeRegisterGlobalsFn() {606  // No need to register anything607  if (EmittedKernels.empty() && DeviceVars.empty())608    return nullptr;609 610  llvm::Function *RegisterKernelsFunc = llvm::Function::Create(611      getRegisterGlobalsFnTy(), llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,612      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("_register_globals"), &TheModule);613  llvm::BasicBlock *EntryBB =614      llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "entry", RegisterKernelsFunc);615  CGBuilderTy Builder(CGM, Context);616  Builder.SetInsertPoint(EntryBB);617 618  // void __cudaRegisterFunction(void **, const char *, char *, const char *,619  //                             int, uint3*, uint3*, dim3*, dim3*, int*)620  llvm::Type *RegisterFuncParams[] = {621      PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, IntTy,622      PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Context)};623  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterFunc = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(624      llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, RegisterFuncParams, false),625      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterFunction"));626 627  // Extract GpuBinaryHandle passed as the first argument passed to628  // __cuda_register_globals() and generate __cudaRegisterFunction() call for629  // each emitted kernel.630  llvm::Argument &GpuBinaryHandlePtr = *RegisterKernelsFunc->arg_begin();631  for (auto &&I : EmittedKernels) {632    llvm::Constant *KernelName =633        makeConstantString(getDeviceSideName(cast<NamedDecl>(I.D)));634    llvm::Constant *NullPtr = llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(PtrTy);635    llvm::Value *Args[] = {636        &GpuBinaryHandlePtr,637        KernelHandles[I.Kernel->getName()],638        KernelName,639        KernelName,640        llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, -1),641        NullPtr,642        NullPtr,643        NullPtr,644        NullPtr,645        llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(Context))};646    Builder.CreateCall(RegisterFunc, Args);647  }648 649  llvm::Type *VarSizeTy = IntTy;650  // For HIP or CUDA 9.0+, device variable size is type of `size_t`.651  if (CGM.getLangOpts().HIP ||652      ToCudaVersion(CGM.getTarget().getSDKVersion()) >= CudaVersion::CUDA_90)653    VarSizeTy = SizeTy;654 655  // void __cudaRegisterVar(void **, char *, char *, const char *,656  //                        int, int, int, int)657  llvm::Type *RegisterVarParams[] = {PtrTy, PtrTy,     PtrTy, PtrTy,658                                     IntTy, VarSizeTy, IntTy, IntTy};659  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterVar = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(660      llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, RegisterVarParams, false),661      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterVar"));662  // void __hipRegisterManagedVar(void **, char *, char *, const char *,663  //                              size_t, unsigned)664  llvm::Type *RegisterManagedVarParams[] = {PtrTy, PtrTy,     PtrTy,665                                            PtrTy, VarSizeTy, IntTy};666  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterManagedVar = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(667      llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, RegisterManagedVarParams, false),668      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterManagedVar"));669  // void __cudaRegisterSurface(void **, const struct surfaceReference *,670  //                            const void **, const char *, int, int);671  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterSurf = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(672      llvm::FunctionType::get(673          VoidTy, {PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, IntTy, IntTy}, false),674      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterSurface"));675  // void __cudaRegisterTexture(void **, const struct textureReference *,676  //                            const void **, const char *, int, int, int)677  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterTex = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(678      llvm::FunctionType::get(679          VoidTy, {PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, PtrTy, IntTy, IntTy, IntTy}, false),680      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterTexture"));681  for (auto &&Info : DeviceVars) {682    llvm::GlobalVariable *Var = Info.Var;683    assert((!Var->isDeclaration() || Info.Flags.isManaged()) &&684           "External variables should not show up here, except HIP managed "685           "variables");686    llvm::Constant *VarName = makeConstantString(getDeviceSideName(Info.D));687    switch (Info.Flags.getKind()) {688    case DeviceVarFlags::Variable: {689      uint64_t VarSize =690          CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeAllocSize(Var->getValueType());691      if (Info.Flags.isManaged()) {692        assert(Var->getName().ends_with(".managed") &&693               "HIP managed variables not transformed");694        auto *ManagedVar = CGM.getModule().getNamedGlobal(695            Var->getName().drop_back(StringRef(".managed").size()));696        llvm::Value *Args[] = {697            &GpuBinaryHandlePtr,698            ManagedVar,699            Var,700            VarName,701            llvm::ConstantInt::get(VarSizeTy, VarSize),702            llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Var->getAlignment())};703        if (!Var->isDeclaration())704          Builder.CreateCall(RegisterManagedVar, Args);705      } else {706        llvm::Value *Args[] = {707            &GpuBinaryHandlePtr,708            Var,709            VarName,710            VarName,711            llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.isExtern()),712            llvm::ConstantInt::get(VarSizeTy, VarSize),713            llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.isConstant()),714            llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, 0)};715        Builder.CreateCall(RegisterVar, Args);716      }717      break;718    }719    case DeviceVarFlags::Surface:720      Builder.CreateCall(721          RegisterSurf,722          {&GpuBinaryHandlePtr, Var, VarName, VarName,723           llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.getSurfTexType()),724           llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.isExtern())});725      break;726    case DeviceVarFlags::Texture:727      Builder.CreateCall(728          RegisterTex,729          {&GpuBinaryHandlePtr, Var, VarName, VarName,730           llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.getSurfTexType()),731           llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.isNormalized()),732           llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntTy, Info.Flags.isExtern())});733      break;734    }735  }736 737  Builder.CreateRetVoid();738  return RegisterKernelsFunc;739}740 741/// Creates a global constructor function for the module:742///743/// For CUDA:744/// \code745/// void __cuda_module_ctor() {746///     Handle = __cudaRegisterFatBinary(GpuBinaryBlob);747///     __cuda_register_globals(Handle);748/// }749/// \endcode750///751/// For HIP:752/// \code753/// void __hip_module_ctor() {754///     if (__hip_gpubin_handle == 0) {755///         __hip_gpubin_handle  = __hipRegisterFatBinary(GpuBinaryBlob);756///         __hip_register_globals(__hip_gpubin_handle);757///     }758/// }759/// \endcode760llvm::Function *CGNVCUDARuntime::makeModuleCtorFunction() {761  bool IsHIP = CGM.getLangOpts().HIP;762  bool IsCUDA = CGM.getLangOpts().CUDA;763  // No need to generate ctors/dtors if there is no GPU binary.764  StringRef CudaGpuBinaryFileName = CGM.getCodeGenOpts().CudaGpuBinaryFileName;765  if (CudaGpuBinaryFileName.empty() && !IsHIP)766    return nullptr;767  if ((IsHIP || (IsCUDA && !RelocatableDeviceCode)) && EmittedKernels.empty() &&768      DeviceVars.empty())769    return nullptr;770 771  // void __{cuda|hip}_register_globals(void* handle);772  llvm::Function *RegisterGlobalsFunc = makeRegisterGlobalsFn();773  // We always need a function to pass in as callback. Create a dummy774  // implementation if we don't need to register anything.775  if (RelocatableDeviceCode && !RegisterGlobalsFunc)776    RegisterGlobalsFunc = makeDummyFunction(getRegisterGlobalsFnTy());777 778  // void ** __{cuda|hip}RegisterFatBinary(void *);779  llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterFatbinFunc = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(780      llvm::FunctionType::get(PtrTy, PtrTy, false),781      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("RegisterFatBinary"));782  // struct { int magic, int version, void * gpu_binary, void * dont_care };783  llvm::StructType *FatbinWrapperTy =784      llvm::StructType::get(IntTy, IntTy, PtrTy, PtrTy);785 786  // Register GPU binary with the CUDA runtime, store returned handle in a787  // global variable and save a reference in GpuBinaryHandle to be cleaned up788  // in destructor on exit. Then associate all known kernels with the GPU binary789  // handle so CUDA runtime can figure out what to call on the GPU side.790  std::unique_ptr<llvm::MemoryBuffer> CudaGpuBinary = nullptr;791  if (!CudaGpuBinaryFileName.empty()) {792    auto VFS = CGM.getFileSystem();793    auto CudaGpuBinaryOrErr =794        VFS->getBufferForFile(CudaGpuBinaryFileName, -1, false);795    if (std::error_code EC = CudaGpuBinaryOrErr.getError()) {796      CGM.getDiags().Report(diag::err_cannot_open_file)797          << CudaGpuBinaryFileName << EC.message();798      return nullptr;799    }800    CudaGpuBinary = std::move(CudaGpuBinaryOrErr.get());801  }802 803  llvm::Function *ModuleCtorFunc = llvm::Function::Create(804      llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, false),805      llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,806      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("_module_ctor"), &TheModule);807  llvm::BasicBlock *CtorEntryBB =808      llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "entry", ModuleCtorFunc);809  CGBuilderTy CtorBuilder(CGM, Context);810 811  CtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(CtorEntryBB);812 813  const char *FatbinConstantName;814  const char *FatbinSectionName;815  const char *ModuleIDSectionName;816  StringRef ModuleIDPrefix;817  llvm::Constant *FatBinStr;818  unsigned FatMagic;819  if (IsHIP) {820    FatbinConstantName = ".hip_fatbin";821    FatbinSectionName = ".hipFatBinSegment";822 823    ModuleIDSectionName = "__hip_module_id";824    ModuleIDPrefix = "__hip_";825 826    if (CudaGpuBinary) {827      // If fatbin is available from early finalization, create a string828      // literal containing the fat binary loaded from the given file.829      const unsigned HIPCodeObjectAlign = 4096;830      FatBinStr = makeConstantArray(std::string(CudaGpuBinary->getBuffer()), "",831                                    FatbinConstantName, HIPCodeObjectAlign);832    } else {833      // If fatbin is not available, create an external symbol834      // __hip_fatbin in section .hip_fatbin. The external symbol is supposed835      // to contain the fat binary but will be populated somewhere else,836      // e.g. by lld through link script.837      FatBinStr = new llvm::GlobalVariable(838          CGM.getModule(), CGM.Int8Ty,839          /*isConstant=*/true, llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, nullptr,840          "__hip_fatbin" + (CGM.getLangOpts().CUID.empty()841                                ? ""842                                : "_" + CGM.getContext().getCUIDHash()),843          nullptr, llvm::GlobalVariable::NotThreadLocal);844      cast<llvm::GlobalVariable>(FatBinStr)->setSection(FatbinConstantName);845    }846 847    FatMagic = HIPFatMagic;848  } else {849    if (RelocatableDeviceCode)850      FatbinConstantName = CGM.getTriple().isMacOSX()851                               ? "__NV_CUDA,__nv_relfatbin"852                               : "__nv_relfatbin";853    else854      FatbinConstantName =855          CGM.getTriple().isMacOSX() ? "__NV_CUDA,__nv_fatbin" : ".nv_fatbin";856    // NVIDIA's cuobjdump looks for fatbins in this section.857    FatbinSectionName =858        CGM.getTriple().isMacOSX() ? "__NV_CUDA,__fatbin" : ".nvFatBinSegment";859 860    ModuleIDSectionName = CGM.getTriple().isMacOSX()861                              ? "__NV_CUDA,__nv_module_id"862                              : "__nv_module_id";863    ModuleIDPrefix = "__nv_";864 865    // For CUDA, create a string literal containing the fat binary loaded from866    // the given file.867    FatBinStr = makeConstantArray(std::string(CudaGpuBinary->getBuffer()), "",868                                  FatbinConstantName, 8);869    FatMagic = CudaFatMagic;870  }871 872  // Create initialized wrapper structure that points to the loaded GPU binary873  ConstantInitBuilder Builder(CGM);874  auto Values = Builder.beginStruct(FatbinWrapperTy);875  // Fatbin wrapper magic.876  Values.addInt(IntTy, FatMagic);877  // Fatbin version.878  Values.addInt(IntTy, 1);879  // Data.880  Values.add(FatBinStr);881  // Unused in fatbin v1.882  Values.add(llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(PtrTy));883  llvm::GlobalVariable *FatbinWrapper = Values.finishAndCreateGlobal(884      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("_fatbin_wrapper"), CGM.getPointerAlign(),885      /*constant*/ true);886  FatbinWrapper->setSection(FatbinSectionName);887 888  // There is only one HIP fat binary per linked module, however there are889  // multiple constructor functions. Make sure the fat binary is registered890  // only once. The constructor functions are executed by the dynamic loader891  // before the program gains control. The dynamic loader cannot execute the892  // constructor functions concurrently since doing that would not guarantee893  // thread safety of the loaded program. Therefore we can assume sequential894  // execution of constructor functions here.895  if (IsHIP) {896    auto Linkage = RelocatableDeviceCode ? llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage897                                         : llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage;898    llvm::BasicBlock *IfBlock =899        llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "if", ModuleCtorFunc);900    llvm::BasicBlock *ExitBlock =901        llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "exit", ModuleCtorFunc);902    // The name, size, and initialization pattern of this variable is part903    // of HIP ABI.904    GpuBinaryHandle = new llvm::GlobalVariable(905        TheModule, PtrTy, /*isConstant=*/false, Linkage,906        /*Initializer=*/907        !RelocatableDeviceCode ? llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(PtrTy)908                               : nullptr,909        "__hip_gpubin_handle" + (CGM.getLangOpts().CUID.empty()910                                     ? ""911                                     : "_" + CGM.getContext().getCUIDHash()));912    GpuBinaryHandle->setAlignment(CGM.getPointerAlign().getAsAlign());913    // Prevent the weak symbol in different shared libraries being merged.914    if (Linkage != llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage)915      GpuBinaryHandle->setVisibility(llvm::GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);916    Address GpuBinaryAddr(917        GpuBinaryHandle, PtrTy,918        CharUnits::fromQuantity(GpuBinaryHandle->getAlignment()));919    {920      auto *HandleValue = CtorBuilder.CreateLoad(GpuBinaryAddr);921      llvm::Constant *Zero =922          llvm::Constant::getNullValue(HandleValue->getType());923      llvm::Value *EQZero = CtorBuilder.CreateICmpEQ(HandleValue, Zero);924      CtorBuilder.CreateCondBr(EQZero, IfBlock, ExitBlock);925    }926    {927      CtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(IfBlock);928      // GpuBinaryHandle = __hipRegisterFatBinary(&FatbinWrapper);929      llvm::CallInst *RegisterFatbinCall =930          CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterFatbinFunc, FatbinWrapper);931      CtorBuilder.CreateStore(RegisterFatbinCall, GpuBinaryAddr);932      CtorBuilder.CreateBr(ExitBlock);933    }934    {935      CtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(ExitBlock);936      // Call __hip_register_globals(GpuBinaryHandle);937      if (RegisterGlobalsFunc) {938        auto *HandleValue = CtorBuilder.CreateLoad(GpuBinaryAddr);939        CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterGlobalsFunc, HandleValue);940      }941    }942  } else if (!RelocatableDeviceCode) {943    // Register binary with CUDA runtime. This is substantially different in944    // default mode vs. separate compilation!945    // GpuBinaryHandle = __cudaRegisterFatBinary(&FatbinWrapper);946    llvm::CallInst *RegisterFatbinCall =947        CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterFatbinFunc, FatbinWrapper);948    GpuBinaryHandle = new llvm::GlobalVariable(949        TheModule, PtrTy, false, llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,950        llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(PtrTy), "__cuda_gpubin_handle");951    GpuBinaryHandle->setAlignment(CGM.getPointerAlign().getAsAlign());952    CtorBuilder.CreateAlignedStore(RegisterFatbinCall, GpuBinaryHandle,953                                   CGM.getPointerAlign());954 955    // Call __cuda_register_globals(GpuBinaryHandle);956    if (RegisterGlobalsFunc)957      CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterGlobalsFunc, RegisterFatbinCall);958 959    // Call __cudaRegisterFatBinaryEnd(Handle) if this CUDA version needs it.960    if (CudaFeatureEnabled(CGM.getTarget().getSDKVersion(),961                           CudaFeature::CUDA_USES_FATBIN_REGISTER_END)) {962      // void __cudaRegisterFatBinaryEnd(void **);963      llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterFatbinEndFunc = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(964          llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, PtrTy, false),965          "__cudaRegisterFatBinaryEnd");966      CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterFatbinEndFunc, RegisterFatbinCall);967    }968  } else {969    // Generate a unique module ID.970    SmallString<64> ModuleID;971    llvm::raw_svector_ostream OS(ModuleID);972    OS << ModuleIDPrefix << llvm::format("%" PRIx64, FatbinWrapper->getGUID());973    llvm::Constant *ModuleIDConstant = makeConstantArray(974        std::string(ModuleID), "", ModuleIDSectionName, 32, /*AddNull=*/true);975 976    // Create an alias for the FatbinWrapper that nvcc will look for.977    llvm::GlobalAlias::create(llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,978                              Twine("__fatbinwrap") + ModuleID, FatbinWrapper);979 980    // void __cudaRegisterLinkedBinary%ModuleID%(void (*)(void *), void *,981    // void *, void (*)(void **))982    SmallString<128> RegisterLinkedBinaryName("__cudaRegisterLinkedBinary");983    RegisterLinkedBinaryName += ModuleID;984    llvm::FunctionCallee RegisterLinkedBinaryFunc = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(985        getRegisterLinkedBinaryFnTy(), RegisterLinkedBinaryName);986 987    assert(RegisterGlobalsFunc && "Expecting at least dummy function!");988    llvm::Value *Args[] = {RegisterGlobalsFunc, FatbinWrapper, ModuleIDConstant,989                           makeDummyFunction(getCallbackFnTy())};990    CtorBuilder.CreateCall(RegisterLinkedBinaryFunc, Args);991  }992 993  // Create destructor and register it with atexit() the way NVCC does it. Doing994  // it during regular destructor phase worked in CUDA before 9.2 but results in995  // double-free in 9.2.996  if (llvm::Function *CleanupFn = makeModuleDtorFunction()) {997    // extern "C" int atexit(void (*f)(void));998    llvm::FunctionType *AtExitTy =999        llvm::FunctionType::get(IntTy, CleanupFn->getType(), false);1000    llvm::FunctionCallee AtExitFunc =1001        CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(AtExitTy, "atexit", llvm::AttributeList(),1002                                  /*Local=*/true);1003    CtorBuilder.CreateCall(AtExitFunc, CleanupFn);1004  }1005 1006  CtorBuilder.CreateRetVoid();1007  return ModuleCtorFunc;1008}1009 1010/// Creates a global destructor function that unregisters the GPU code blob1011/// registered by constructor.1012///1013/// For CUDA:1014/// \code1015/// void __cuda_module_dtor() {1016///     __cudaUnregisterFatBinary(Handle);1017/// }1018/// \endcode1019///1020/// For HIP:1021/// \code1022/// void __hip_module_dtor() {1023///     if (__hip_gpubin_handle) {1024///         __hipUnregisterFatBinary(__hip_gpubin_handle);1025///         __hip_gpubin_handle = 0;1026///     }1027/// }1028/// \endcode1029llvm::Function *CGNVCUDARuntime::makeModuleDtorFunction() {1030  // No need for destructor if we don't have a handle to unregister.1031  if (!GpuBinaryHandle)1032    return nullptr;1033 1034  // void __cudaUnregisterFatBinary(void ** handle);1035  llvm::FunctionCallee UnregisterFatbinFunc = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(1036      llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, PtrTy, false),1037      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("UnregisterFatBinary"));1038 1039  llvm::Function *ModuleDtorFunc = llvm::Function::Create(1040      llvm::FunctionType::get(VoidTy, false),1041      llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage,1042      addUnderscoredPrefixToName("_module_dtor"), &TheModule);1043 1044  llvm::BasicBlock *DtorEntryBB =1045      llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "entry", ModuleDtorFunc);1046  CGBuilderTy DtorBuilder(CGM, Context);1047  DtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(DtorEntryBB);1048 1049  Address GpuBinaryAddr(1050      GpuBinaryHandle, GpuBinaryHandle->getValueType(),1051      CharUnits::fromQuantity(GpuBinaryHandle->getAlignment()));1052  auto *HandleValue = DtorBuilder.CreateLoad(GpuBinaryAddr);1053  // There is only one HIP fat binary per linked module, however there are1054  // multiple destructor functions. Make sure the fat binary is unregistered1055  // only once.1056  if (CGM.getLangOpts().HIP) {1057    llvm::BasicBlock *IfBlock =1058        llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "if", ModuleDtorFunc);1059    llvm::BasicBlock *ExitBlock =1060        llvm::BasicBlock::Create(Context, "exit", ModuleDtorFunc);1061    llvm::Constant *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(HandleValue->getType());1062    llvm::Value *NEZero = DtorBuilder.CreateICmpNE(HandleValue, Zero);1063    DtorBuilder.CreateCondBr(NEZero, IfBlock, ExitBlock);1064 1065    DtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(IfBlock);1066    DtorBuilder.CreateCall(UnregisterFatbinFunc, HandleValue);1067    DtorBuilder.CreateStore(Zero, GpuBinaryAddr);1068    DtorBuilder.CreateBr(ExitBlock);1069 1070    DtorBuilder.SetInsertPoint(ExitBlock);1071  } else {1072    DtorBuilder.CreateCall(UnregisterFatbinFunc, HandleValue);1073  }1074  DtorBuilder.CreateRetVoid();1075  return ModuleDtorFunc;1076}1077 1078CGCUDARuntime *CodeGen::CreateNVCUDARuntime(CodeGenModule &CGM) {1079  return new CGNVCUDARuntime(CGM);1080}1081 1082void CGNVCUDARuntime::internalizeDeviceSideVar(1083    const VarDecl *D, llvm::GlobalValue::LinkageTypes &Linkage) {1084  // For -fno-gpu-rdc, host-side shadows of external declarations of device-side1085  // global variables become internal definitions. These have to be internal in1086  // order to prevent name conflicts with global host variables with the same1087  // name in a different TUs.1088  //1089  // For -fgpu-rdc, the shadow variables should not be internalized because1090  // they may be accessed by different TU.1091  if (CGM.getLangOpts().GPURelocatableDeviceCode)1092    return;1093 1094  // __shared__ variables are odd. Shadows do get created, but1095  // they are not registered with the CUDA runtime, so they1096  // can't really be used to access their device-side1097  // counterparts. It's not clear yet whether it's nvcc's bug or1098  // a feature, but we've got to do the same for compatibility.1099  if (D->hasAttr<CUDADeviceAttr>() || D->hasAttr<CUDAConstantAttr>() ||1100      D->hasAttr<CUDASharedAttr>() ||1101      D->getType()->isCUDADeviceBuiltinSurfaceType() ||1102      D->getType()->isCUDADeviceBuiltinTextureType()) {1103    Linkage = llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage;1104  }1105}1106 1107void CGNVCUDARuntime::handleVarRegistration(const VarDecl *D,1108                                            llvm::GlobalVariable &GV) {1109  if (D->hasAttr<CUDADeviceAttr>() || D->hasAttr<CUDAConstantAttr>()) {1110    // Shadow variables and their properties must be registered with CUDA1111    // runtime. Skip Extern global variables, which will be registered in1112    // the TU where they are defined.1113    //1114    // Don't register a C++17 inline variable. The local symbol can be1115    // discarded and referencing a discarded local symbol from outside the1116    // comdat (__cuda_register_globals) is disallowed by the ELF spec.1117    //1118    // HIP managed variables need to be always recorded in device and host1119    // compilations for transformation.1120    //1121    // HIP managed variables and variables in CUDADeviceVarODRUsedByHost are1122    // added to llvm.compiler-used, therefore they are safe to be registered.1123    if ((!D->hasExternalStorage() && !D->isInline()) ||1124        CGM.getContext().CUDADeviceVarODRUsedByHost.contains(D) ||1125        D->hasAttr<HIPManagedAttr>()) {1126      registerDeviceVar(D, GV, !D->hasDefinition(),1127                        D->hasAttr<CUDAConstantAttr>());1128    }1129  } else if (D->getType()->isCUDADeviceBuiltinSurfaceType() ||1130             D->getType()->isCUDADeviceBuiltinTextureType()) {1131    // Builtin surfaces and textures and their template arguments are1132    // also registered with CUDA runtime.1133    const auto *TD = cast<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(1134        D->getType()->castAsCXXRecordDecl());1135    const TemplateArgumentList &Args = TD->getTemplateArgs();1136    if (TD->hasAttr<CUDADeviceBuiltinSurfaceTypeAttr>()) {1137      assert(Args.size() == 2 &&1138             "Unexpected number of template arguments of CUDA device "1139             "builtin surface type.");1140      auto SurfType = Args[1].getAsIntegral();1141      if (!D->hasExternalStorage())1142        registerDeviceSurf(D, GV, !D->hasDefinition(), SurfType.getSExtValue());1143    } else {1144      assert(Args.size() == 3 &&1145             "Unexpected number of template arguments of CUDA device "1146             "builtin texture type.");1147      auto TexType = Args[1].getAsIntegral();1148      auto Normalized = Args[2].getAsIntegral();1149      if (!D->hasExternalStorage())1150        registerDeviceTex(D, GV, !D->hasDefinition(), TexType.getSExtValue(),1151                          Normalized.getZExtValue());1152    }1153  }1154}1155 1156// Transform managed variables to pointers to managed variables in device code.1157// Each use of the original managed variable is replaced by a load from the1158// transformed managed variable. The transformed managed variable contains1159// the address of managed memory which will be allocated by the runtime.1160void CGNVCUDARuntime::transformManagedVars() {1161  for (auto &&Info : DeviceVars) {1162    llvm::GlobalVariable *Var = Info.Var;1163    if (Info.Flags.getKind() == DeviceVarFlags::Variable &&1164        Info.Flags.isManaged()) {1165      auto *ManagedVar = new llvm::GlobalVariable(1166          CGM.getModule(), Var->getType(),1167          /*isConstant=*/false, Var->getLinkage(),1168          /*Init=*/Var->isDeclaration()1169              ? nullptr1170              : llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(Var->getType()),1171          /*Name=*/"", /*InsertBefore=*/nullptr,1172          llvm::GlobalVariable::NotThreadLocal,1173          CGM.getContext().getTargetAddressSpace(CGM.getLangOpts().CUDAIsDevice1174                                                     ? LangAS::cuda_device1175                                                     : LangAS::Default));1176      ManagedVar->setDSOLocal(Var->isDSOLocal());1177      ManagedVar->setVisibility(Var->getVisibility());1178      ManagedVar->setExternallyInitialized(true);1179      replaceManagedVar(Var, ManagedVar);1180      ManagedVar->takeName(Var);1181      Var->setName(Twine(ManagedVar->getName()) + ".managed");1182      // Keep managed variables even if they are not used in device code since1183      // they need to be allocated by the runtime.1184      if (CGM.getLangOpts().CUDAIsDevice && !Var->isDeclaration()) {1185        assert(!ManagedVar->isDeclaration());1186        CGM.addCompilerUsedGlobal(Var);1187        CGM.addCompilerUsedGlobal(ManagedVar);1188      }1189    }1190  }1191}1192 1193// Creates offloading entries for all the kernels and globals that must be1194// registered. The linker will provide a pointer to this section so we can1195// register the symbols with the linked device image.1196void CGNVCUDARuntime::createOffloadingEntries() {1197  llvm::object::OffloadKind Kind = CGM.getLangOpts().HIP1198                                       ? llvm::object::OffloadKind::OFK_HIP1199                                       : llvm::object::OffloadKind::OFK_Cuda;1200  // For now, just spoof this as OpenMP because that's the runtime it uses.1201  if (CGM.getLangOpts().OffloadViaLLVM)1202    Kind = llvm::object::OffloadKind::OFK_OpenMP;1203 1204  llvm::Module &M = CGM.getModule();1205  for (KernelInfo &I : EmittedKernels)1206    llvm::offloading::emitOffloadingEntry(1207        M, Kind, KernelHandles[I.Kernel->getName()],1208        getDeviceSideName(cast<NamedDecl>(I.D)), /*Flags=*/0, /*Data=*/0,1209        llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalEntry);1210 1211  for (VarInfo &I : DeviceVars) {1212    uint64_t VarSize =1213        CGM.getDataLayout().getTypeAllocSize(I.Var->getValueType());1214    int32_t Flags =1215        (I.Flags.isExtern()1216             ? static_cast<int32_t>(llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalExtern)1217             : 0) |1218        (I.Flags.isConstant()1219             ? static_cast<int32_t>(llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalConstant)1220             : 0) |1221        (I.Flags.isNormalized()1222             ? static_cast<int32_t>(llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalNormalized)1223             : 0);1224    if (I.Flags.getKind() == DeviceVarFlags::Variable) {1225      if (I.Flags.isManaged()) {1226        assert(I.Var->getName().ends_with(".managed") &&1227               "HIP managed variables not transformed");1228 1229        auto *ManagedVar = M.getNamedGlobal(1230            I.Var->getName().drop_back(StringRef(".managed").size()));1231        llvm::offloading::emitOffloadingEntry(1232            M, Kind, I.Var, getDeviceSideName(I.D), VarSize,1233            llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalManagedEntry | Flags,1234            /*Data=*/I.Var->getAlignment(), ManagedVar);1235      } else {1236        llvm::offloading::emitOffloadingEntry(1237            M, Kind, I.Var, getDeviceSideName(I.D), VarSize,1238            llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalEntry | Flags,1239            /*Data=*/0);1240      }1241    } else if (I.Flags.getKind() == DeviceVarFlags::Surface) {1242      llvm::offloading::emitOffloadingEntry(1243          M, Kind, I.Var, getDeviceSideName(I.D), VarSize,1244          llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalSurfaceEntry | Flags,1245          I.Flags.getSurfTexType());1246    } else if (I.Flags.getKind() == DeviceVarFlags::Texture) {1247      llvm::offloading::emitOffloadingEntry(1248          M, Kind, I.Var, getDeviceSideName(I.D), VarSize,1249          llvm::offloading::OffloadGlobalTextureEntry | Flags,1250          I.Flags.getSurfTexType());1251    }1252  }1253}1254 1255// Returns module constructor to be added.1256llvm::Function *CGNVCUDARuntime::finalizeModule() {1257  transformManagedVars();1258  if (CGM.getLangOpts().CUDAIsDevice) {1259    // Mark ODR-used device variables as compiler used to prevent it from being1260    // eliminated by optimization. This is necessary for device variables1261    // ODR-used by host functions. Sema correctly marks them as ODR-used no1262    // matter whether they are ODR-used by device or host functions.1263    //1264    // We do not need to do this if the variable has used attribute since it1265    // has already been added.1266    //1267    // Static device variables have been externalized at this point, therefore1268    // variables with LLVM private or internal linkage need not be added.1269    for (auto &&Info : DeviceVars) {1270      auto Kind = Info.Flags.getKind();1271      if (!Info.Var->isDeclaration() &&1272          !llvm::GlobalValue::isLocalLinkage(Info.Var->getLinkage()) &&1273          (Kind == DeviceVarFlags::Variable ||1274           Kind == DeviceVarFlags::Surface ||1275           Kind == DeviceVarFlags::Texture) &&1276          Info.D->isUsed() && !Info.D->hasAttr<UsedAttr>()) {1277        CGM.addCompilerUsedGlobal(Info.Var);1278      }1279    }1280    return nullptr;1281  }1282  if (CGM.getLangOpts().OffloadViaLLVM ||1283      (CGM.getLangOpts().OffloadingNewDriver && RelocatableDeviceCode))1284    createOffloadingEntries();1285  else1286    return makeModuleCtorFunction();1287 1288  return nullptr;1289}1290 1291llvm::GlobalValue *CGNVCUDARuntime::getKernelHandle(llvm::Function *F,1292                                                    GlobalDecl GD) {1293  auto Loc = KernelHandles.find(F->getName());1294  if (Loc != KernelHandles.end()) {1295    auto OldHandle = Loc->second;1296    if (KernelStubs[OldHandle] == F)1297      return OldHandle;1298 1299    // We've found the function name, but F itself has changed, so we need to1300    // update the references.1301    if (CGM.getLangOpts().HIP) {1302      // For HIP compilation the handle itself does not change, so we only need1303      // to update the Stub value.1304      KernelStubs[OldHandle] = F;1305      return OldHandle;1306    }1307    // For non-HIP compilation, erase the old Stub and fall-through to creating1308    // new entries.1309    KernelStubs.erase(OldHandle);1310  }1311 1312  if (!CGM.getLangOpts().HIP) {1313    KernelHandles[F->getName()] = F;1314    KernelStubs[F] = F;1315    return F;1316  }1317 1318  auto *Var = new llvm::GlobalVariable(1319      TheModule, F->getType(), /*isConstant=*/true, F->getLinkage(),1320      /*Initializer=*/nullptr,1321      CGM.getMangledName(1322          GD.getWithKernelReferenceKind(KernelReferenceKind::Kernel)));1323  Var->setAlignment(CGM.getPointerAlign().getAsAlign());1324  Var->setDSOLocal(F->isDSOLocal());1325  Var->setVisibility(F->getVisibility());1326  auto *FD = cast<FunctionDecl>(GD.getDecl());1327  auto *FT = FD->getPrimaryTemplate();1328  if (!FT || FT->isThisDeclarationADefinition())1329    CGM.maybeSetTrivialComdat(*FD, *Var);1330  KernelHandles[F->getName()] = Var;1331  KernelStubs[Var] = F;1332  return Var;1333}1334