brintos

brintos / llvm-project-archived public Read only

0
0
Text · 15.6 KiB · 503fa5d Raw
420 lines · cpp
1//== VAListChecker.cpp - stdarg.h macro usage checker -----------*- C++ -*--==//2//3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception6//7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//8//9// This defines checkers which detect usage of uninitialized va_list values10// and va_start calls with no matching va_end.11//12//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//13 14#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"15#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"16#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"17#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"18#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallDescription.h"19#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"20#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"21#include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"22 23using namespace clang;24using namespace ento;25using llvm::formatv;26 27namespace {28enum class VAListState {29  Uninitialized,30  Unknown,31  Initialized,32  Released,33};34 35constexpr llvm::StringLiteral StateNames[] = {36    "uninitialized", "unknown", "initialized", "already released"};37} // end anonymous namespace38 39static StringRef describeState(const VAListState S) {40  return StateNames[static_cast<int>(S)];41}42 43REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(VAListStateMap, const MemRegion *, VAListState)44 45static VAListState getVAListState(ProgramStateRef State, const MemRegion *Reg) {46  if (const VAListState *Res = State->get<VAListStateMap>(Reg))47    return *Res;48  return Reg->getSymbolicBase() ? VAListState::Unknown49                                : VAListState::Uninitialized;50}51 52namespace {53typedef SmallVector<const MemRegion *, 2> RegionVector;54 55class VAListChecker : public Checker<check::PreCall, check::PreStmt<VAArgExpr>,56                                     check::DeadSymbols> {57  const BugType LeakBug{this, "Leaked va_list", categories::MemoryError,58                        /*SuppressOnSink=*/true};59  const BugType UninitAccessBug{this, "Uninitialized va_list",60                                categories::MemoryError};61 62  struct VAListAccepter {63    CallDescription Func;64    int ParamIndex;65  };66  static const SmallVector<VAListAccepter, 15> VAListAccepters;67  static const CallDescription VaStart, VaEnd, VaCopy;68 69public:70  void checkPreStmt(const VAArgExpr *VAA, CheckerContext &C) const;71  void checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;72  void checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SR, CheckerContext &C) const;73 74private:75  const MemRegion *getVAListAsRegion(SVal SV, const Expr *VAExpr,76                                     CheckerContext &C) const;77  const ExplodedNode *getStartCallSite(const ExplodedNode *N,78                                       const MemRegion *Reg) const;79 80  void reportUninitializedAccess(const MemRegion *VAList, StringRef Msg,81                                 CheckerContext &C) const;82  void reportLeaked(const RegionVector &Leaked, StringRef Msg1, StringRef Msg2,83                    CheckerContext &C, ExplodedNode *N) const;84 85  void checkVAListStartCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;86  void checkVAListCopyCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;87  void checkVAListEndCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;88 89  class VAListBugVisitor : public BugReporterVisitor {90  public:91    VAListBugVisitor(const MemRegion *Reg, bool IsLeak = false)92        : Reg(Reg), IsLeak(IsLeak) {}93    void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const override {94      static int X = 0;95      ID.AddPointer(&X);96      ID.AddPointer(Reg);97    }98    PathDiagnosticPieceRef getEndPath(BugReporterContext &BRC,99                                      const ExplodedNode *EndPathNode,100                                      PathSensitiveBugReport &BR) override {101      if (!IsLeak)102        return nullptr;103 104      PathDiagnosticLocation L = BR.getLocation();105      // Do not add the statement itself as a range in case of leak.106      return std::make_shared<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(L, BR.getDescription(),107                                                        false);108    }109    PathDiagnosticPieceRef VisitNode(const ExplodedNode *N,110                                     BugReporterContext &BRC,111                                     PathSensitiveBugReport &BR) override;112 113  private:114    const MemRegion *Reg;115    bool IsLeak;116  };117};118 119const SmallVector<VAListChecker::VAListAccepter, 15>120    VAListChecker::VAListAccepters = {{{CDM::CLibrary, {"vfprintf"}, 3}, 2},121                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vfscanf"}, 3}, 2},122                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vprintf"}, 2}, 1},123                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vscanf"}, 2}, 1},124                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vsnprintf"}, 4}, 3},125                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vsprintf"}, 3}, 2},126                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vsscanf"}, 3}, 2},127                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vfwprintf"}, 3}, 2},128                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vfwscanf"}, 3}, 2},129                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vwprintf"}, 2}, 1},130                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vwscanf"}, 2}, 1},131                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vswprintf"}, 4}, 3},132                                      // vswprintf is the wide version of133                                      // vsnprintf, vsprintf has no wide version134                                      {{CDM::CLibrary, {"vswscanf"}, 3}, 2}};135 136const CallDescription VAListChecker::VaStart(CDM::CLibrary,137                                             {"__builtin_va_start"}, /*Args=*/2,138                                             /*Params=*/1),139    VAListChecker::VaCopy(CDM::CLibrary, {"__builtin_va_copy"}, 2),140    VAListChecker::VaEnd(CDM::CLibrary, {"__builtin_va_end"}, 1);141} // end anonymous namespace142 143void VAListChecker::checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call,144                                 CheckerContext &C) const {145  if (VaStart.matches(Call))146    checkVAListStartCall(Call, C);147  else if (VaCopy.matches(Call))148    checkVAListCopyCall(Call, C);149  else if (VaEnd.matches(Call))150    checkVAListEndCall(Call, C);151  else {152    for (const auto &FuncInfo : VAListAccepters) {153      if (!FuncInfo.Func.matches(Call))154        continue;155      const MemRegion *VAList =156          getVAListAsRegion(Call.getArgSVal(FuncInfo.ParamIndex),157                            Call.getArgExpr(FuncInfo.ParamIndex), C);158      if (!VAList)159        return;160      VAListState S = getVAListState(C.getState(), VAList);161 162      if (S == VAListState::Initialized || S == VAListState::Unknown)163        return;164 165      std::string ErrMsg =166          formatv("Function '{0}' is called with an {1} va_list argument",167                  FuncInfo.Func.getFunctionName(), describeState(S));168      reportUninitializedAccess(VAList, ErrMsg, C);169      break;170    }171  }172}173 174const MemRegion *VAListChecker::getVAListAsRegion(SVal SV, const Expr *E,175                                                  CheckerContext &C) const {176  const MemRegion *Reg = SV.getAsRegion();177  if (!Reg)178    return nullptr;179  // TODO: In the future this should be abstracted away by the analyzer.180  bool VAListModelledAsArray = false;181  if (const auto *Cast = dyn_cast<CastExpr>(E)) {182    QualType Ty = Cast->getType();183    VAListModelledAsArray =184        Ty->isPointerType() && Ty->getPointeeType()->isRecordType();185  }186  if (const auto *DeclReg = Reg->getAs<DeclRegion>()) {187    if (isa<ParmVarDecl>(DeclReg->getDecl()))188      Reg = C.getState()->getSVal(SV.castAs<Loc>()).getAsRegion();189  }190  // Some VarRegion based VA lists reach here as ElementRegions.191  const auto *EReg = dyn_cast_or_null<ElementRegion>(Reg);192  return (EReg && VAListModelledAsArray) ? EReg->getSuperRegion() : Reg;193}194 195void VAListChecker::checkPreStmt(const VAArgExpr *VAA,196                                 CheckerContext &C) const {197  ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();198  const Expr *ArgExpr = VAA->getSubExpr();199  const MemRegion *VAList = getVAListAsRegion(C.getSVal(ArgExpr), ArgExpr, C);200  if (!VAList)201    return;202  VAListState S = getVAListState(C.getState(), VAList);203  if (S == VAListState::Initialized || S == VAListState::Unknown)204    return;205 206  std::string ErrMsg =207      formatv("va_arg() is called on an {0} va_list", describeState(S));208  reportUninitializedAccess(VAList, ErrMsg, C);209}210 211void VAListChecker::checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SR,212                                     CheckerContext &C) const {213  ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();214  VAListStateMapTy Tracked = State->get<VAListStateMap>();215  RegionVector Leaked;216  for (const auto &[Reg, S] : Tracked) {217    if (SR.isLiveRegion(Reg))218      continue;219    if (S == VAListState::Initialized)220      Leaked.push_back(Reg);221    State = State->remove<VAListStateMap>(Reg);222  }223  if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition(State)) {224    reportLeaked(Leaked, "Initialized va_list", " is leaked", C, N);225  }226}227 228// This function traverses the exploded graph backwards and finds the node where229// the va_list becomes initialized. That node is used for uniquing the bug230// paths. It is not likely that there are several different va_lists that231// belongs to different stack frames, so that case is not yet handled.232const ExplodedNode *233VAListChecker::getStartCallSite(const ExplodedNode *N,234                                const MemRegion *Reg) const {235  const LocationContext *LeakContext = N->getLocationContext();236  const ExplodedNode *StartCallNode = N;237 238  bool SeenInitializedState = false;239 240  while (N) {241    VAListState S = getVAListState(N->getState(), Reg);242    if (S == VAListState::Initialized) {243      SeenInitializedState = true;244    } else if (SeenInitializedState) {245      break;246    }247    const LocationContext *NContext = N->getLocationContext();248    if (NContext == LeakContext || NContext->isParentOf(LeakContext))249      StartCallNode = N;250    N = N->pred_empty() ? nullptr : *(N->pred_begin());251  }252 253  return StartCallNode;254}255 256void VAListChecker::reportUninitializedAccess(const MemRegion *VAList,257                                              StringRef Msg,258                                              CheckerContext &C) const {259  if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateErrorNode()) {260    auto R = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(UninitAccessBug, Msg, N);261    R->markInteresting(VAList);262    R->addVisitor(std::make_unique<VAListBugVisitor>(VAList));263    C.emitReport(std::move(R));264  }265}266 267void VAListChecker::reportLeaked(const RegionVector &Leaked, StringRef Msg1,268                                 StringRef Msg2, CheckerContext &C,269                                 ExplodedNode *N) const {270  for (const MemRegion *Reg : Leaked) {271    const ExplodedNode *StartNode = getStartCallSite(N, Reg);272    PathDiagnosticLocation LocUsedForUniqueing;273 274    if (const Stmt *StartCallStmt = StartNode->getStmtForDiagnostics())275      LocUsedForUniqueing = PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(276          StartCallStmt, C.getSourceManager(), StartNode->getLocationContext());277 278    SmallString<100> Buf;279    llvm::raw_svector_ostream OS(Buf);280    OS << Msg1;281    std::string VariableName = Reg->getDescriptiveName();282    if (!VariableName.empty())283      OS << " " << VariableName;284    OS << Msg2;285 286    auto R = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(287        LeakBug, OS.str(), N, LocUsedForUniqueing,288        StartNode->getLocationContext()->getDecl());289    R->markInteresting(Reg);290    R->addVisitor(std::make_unique<VAListBugVisitor>(Reg, true));291    C.emitReport(std::move(R));292  }293}294 295void VAListChecker::checkVAListStartCall(const CallEvent &Call,296                                         CheckerContext &C) const {297  const MemRegion *Arg =298      getVAListAsRegion(Call.getArgSVal(0), Call.getArgExpr(0), C);299  if (!Arg)300    return;301 302  ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();303  VAListState ArgState = getVAListState(State, Arg);304 305  if (ArgState == VAListState::Initialized) {306    RegionVector Leaked{Arg};307    if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition(State))308      reportLeaked(Leaked, "Initialized va_list", " is initialized again", C,309                   N);310    return;311  }312 313  State = State->set<VAListStateMap>(Arg, VAListState::Initialized);314  C.addTransition(State);315}316 317void VAListChecker::checkVAListCopyCall(const CallEvent &Call,318                                        CheckerContext &C) const {319  const MemRegion *Arg1 =320      getVAListAsRegion(Call.getArgSVal(0), Call.getArgExpr(0), C);321  const MemRegion *Arg2 =322      getVAListAsRegion(Call.getArgSVal(1), Call.getArgExpr(1), C);323  if (!Arg1 || !Arg2)324    return;325 326  ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();327  if (Arg1 == Arg2) {328    RegionVector Leaked{Arg1};329    if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition(State))330      reportLeaked(Leaked, "va_list", " is copied onto itself", C, N);331    return;332  }333  VAListState State1 = getVAListState(State, Arg1);334  VAListState State2 = getVAListState(State, Arg2);335  // Update the ProgramState by copying the state of Arg2 to Arg1.336  State = State->set<VAListStateMap>(Arg1, State2);337  if (State1 == VAListState::Initialized) {338    RegionVector Leaked{Arg1};339    std::string Msg2 =340        formatv(" is overwritten by {0} {1} one",341                (State2 == VAListState::Initialized) ? "another" : "an",342                describeState(State2));343    if (ExplodedNode *N = C.addTransition(State))344      reportLeaked(Leaked, "Initialized va_list", Msg2, C, N);345    return;346  }347  if (State2 != VAListState::Initialized && State2 != VAListState::Unknown) {348    std::string Msg = formatv("{0} va_list is copied", describeState(State2));349    Msg[0] = toupper(Msg[0]);350    reportUninitializedAccess(Arg2, Msg, C);351    return;352  }353  C.addTransition(State);354}355 356void VAListChecker::checkVAListEndCall(const CallEvent &Call,357                                       CheckerContext &C) const {358  const MemRegion *Arg =359      getVAListAsRegion(Call.getArgSVal(0), Call.getArgExpr(0), C);360  if (!Arg)361    return;362 363  ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();364  VAListState ArgState = getVAListState(State, Arg);365 366  if (ArgState != VAListState::Unknown &&367      ArgState != VAListState::Initialized) {368    std::string Msg = formatv("va_end() is called on an {0} va_list",369                              describeState(ArgState));370    reportUninitializedAccess(Arg, Msg, C);371    return;372  }373  State = State->set<VAListStateMap>(Arg, VAListState::Released);374  C.addTransition(State);375}376 377PathDiagnosticPieceRef VAListChecker::VAListBugVisitor::VisitNode(378    const ExplodedNode *N, BugReporterContext &BRC, PathSensitiveBugReport &) {379  ProgramStateRef State = N->getState();380  ProgramStateRef StatePrev = N->getFirstPred()->getState();381 382  const Stmt *S = N->getStmtForDiagnostics();383  if (!S)384    return nullptr;385 386  VAListState After = getVAListState(State, Reg);387  VAListState Before = getVAListState(StatePrev, Reg);388  if (Before == After)389    return nullptr;390 391  StringRef Msg;392  switch (After) {393  case VAListState::Uninitialized:394    Msg = "Copied uninitialized contents into the va_list";395    break;396  case VAListState::Unknown:397    Msg = "Copied unknown contents into the va_list";398    break;399  case VAListState::Initialized:400    Msg = "Initialized va_list";401    break;402  case VAListState::Released:403    Msg = "Ended va_list";404    break;405  }406 407  if (Msg.empty())408    return nullptr;409 410  PathDiagnosticLocation Pos(S, BRC.getSourceManager(),411                             N->getLocationContext());412  return std::make_shared<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(Pos, Msg, true);413}414 415void ento::registerVAListChecker(CheckerManager &Mgr) {416  Mgr.registerChecker<VAListChecker>();417}418 419bool ento::shouldRegisterVAListChecker(const CheckerManager &) { return true; }420