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1//===-- sanitizer_allocator_primary64.h -------------------------*- C++ -*-===//2//3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception6//7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//8//9// Part of the Sanitizer Allocator.10//11//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//12#ifndef SANITIZER_ALLOCATOR_H13#error This file must be included inside sanitizer_allocator.h14#endif15 16template<class SizeClassAllocator> struct SizeClassAllocator64LocalCache;17 18// SizeClassAllocator64 -- allocator for 64-bit address space.19// The template parameter Params is a class containing the actual parameters.20//21// Space: a portion of address space of kSpaceSize bytes starting at SpaceBeg.22// If kSpaceBeg is ~0 then SpaceBeg is chosen dynamically by mmap.23// Otherwise SpaceBeg=kSpaceBeg (fixed address).24// kSpaceSize is a power of two.25// At the beginning the entire space is mprotect-ed, then small parts of it26// are mapped on demand.27//28// Region: a part of Space dedicated to a single size class.29// There are kNumClasses Regions of equal size.30//31// UserChunk: a piece of memory returned to user.32// MetaChunk: kMetadataSize bytes of metadata associated with a UserChunk.33 34// FreeArray is an array free-d chunks (stored as 4-byte offsets)35//36// A Region looks like this:37// UserChunk1 ... UserChunkN <gap> MetaChunkN ... MetaChunk1 FreeArray38 39struct SizeClassAllocator64FlagMasks {  //  Bit masks.40  enum {41    kRandomShuffleChunks = 1,42  };43};44 45template <typename Allocator>46class MemoryMapper {47 public:48  typedef typename Allocator::CompactPtrT CompactPtrT;49 50  explicit MemoryMapper(const Allocator &allocator) : allocator_(allocator) {}51 52  bool GetAndResetStats(uptr &ranges, uptr &bytes) {53    ranges = released_ranges_count_;54    released_ranges_count_ = 0;55    bytes = released_bytes_;56    released_bytes_ = 0;57    return ranges != 0;58  }59 60  u64 *MapPackedCounterArrayBuffer(uptr count) {61    buffer_.clear();62    buffer_.resize(count);63    return buffer_.data();64  }65 66  // Releases [from, to) range of pages back to OS.67  void ReleasePageRangeToOS(uptr class_id, CompactPtrT from, CompactPtrT to) {68    const uptr region_base = allocator_.GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id);69    const uptr from_page = allocator_.CompactPtrToPointer(region_base, from);70    const uptr to_page = allocator_.CompactPtrToPointer(region_base, to);71    ReleaseMemoryPagesToOS(from_page, to_page);72    released_ranges_count_++;73    released_bytes_ += to_page - from_page;74  }75 76 private:77  const Allocator &allocator_;78  uptr released_ranges_count_ = 0;79  uptr released_bytes_ = 0;80  InternalMmapVector<u64> buffer_;81};82 83template <class Params>84class SizeClassAllocator64 {85 public:86  using AddressSpaceView = typename Params::AddressSpaceView;87  static const uptr kSpaceBeg = Params::kSpaceBeg;88  static const uptr kSpaceSize = Params::kSpaceSize;89  static const uptr kMetadataSize = Params::kMetadataSize;90  typedef typename Params::SizeClassMap SizeClassMap;91  typedef typename Params::MapUnmapCallback MapUnmapCallback;92 93  static const bool kRandomShuffleChunks =94      Params::kFlags & SizeClassAllocator64FlagMasks::kRandomShuffleChunks;95 96  typedef SizeClassAllocator64<Params> ThisT;97  typedef SizeClassAllocator64LocalCache<ThisT> AllocatorCache;98  typedef MemoryMapper<ThisT> MemoryMapperT;99 100  // When we know the size class (the region base) we can represent a pointer101  // as a 4-byte integer (offset from the region start shifted right by 4).102  typedef u32 CompactPtrT;103  static const uptr kCompactPtrScale = 4;104  CompactPtrT PointerToCompactPtr(uptr base, uptr ptr) const {105    return static_cast<CompactPtrT>((ptr - base) >> kCompactPtrScale);106  }107  uptr CompactPtrToPointer(uptr base, CompactPtrT ptr32) const {108    return base + (static_cast<uptr>(ptr32) << kCompactPtrScale);109  }110 111  // If heap_start is nonzero, assumes kSpaceSize bytes are already mapped R/W112  // at heap_start and places the heap there.  This mode requires kSpaceBeg ==113  // ~(uptr)0.114  void Init(s32 release_to_os_interval_ms, uptr heap_start = 0) {115    uptr TotalSpaceSize = kSpaceSize + AdditionalSize();116 117    uptr MaxAddr = GetMaxUserVirtualAddress();118    // VReport does not call the sanitizer allocator.119    VReport(3, "Max user virtual address: 0x%zx\n", MaxAddr);120    VReport(3, "Total space size for primary allocator: 0x%zx\n",121            TotalSpaceSize);122    // TODO: revise the check if we ever configure sanitizers to deliberately123    //       map beyond the 2**48 barrier (note that Linux pretends the VMA is124    //       limited to 48-bit for backwards compatibility, but allows apps to125    //       explicitly specify an address beyond that).126    if (heap_start + TotalSpaceSize >= MaxAddr) {127      // We can't easily adjust the requested heap size, because kSpaceSize is128      // const (for optimization) and used throughout the code.129      VReport(0, "Error: heap size %zx exceeds max user virtual address %zx\n",130              TotalSpaceSize, MaxAddr);131      VReport(132          0, "Try using a kernel that allows a larger virtual address space\n");133    }134    PremappedHeap = heap_start != 0;135    if (PremappedHeap) {136      CHECK(!kUsingConstantSpaceBeg);137      NonConstSpaceBeg = heap_start;138      uptr RegionInfoSize = AdditionalSize();139      RegionInfoSpace =140          address_range.Init(RegionInfoSize, PrimaryAllocatorName);141      CHECK_NE(RegionInfoSpace, ~(uptr)0);142      CHECK_EQ(RegionInfoSpace,143               address_range.MapOrDie(RegionInfoSpace, RegionInfoSize,144                                      "SizeClassAllocator: region info"));145      MapUnmapCallback().OnMap(RegionInfoSpace, RegionInfoSize);146    } else {147      if (kUsingConstantSpaceBeg) {148        CHECK(IsAligned(kSpaceBeg, SizeClassMap::kMaxSize));149        CHECK_EQ(kSpaceBeg,150                 address_range.Init(TotalSpaceSize, PrimaryAllocatorName,151                                    kSpaceBeg));152      } else {153        // Combined allocator expects that an 2^N allocation is always aligned154        // to 2^N. For this to work, the start of the space needs to be aligned155        // as high as the largest size class (which also needs to be a power of156        // 2).157        NonConstSpaceBeg = address_range.InitAligned(158            TotalSpaceSize, SizeClassMap::kMaxSize, PrimaryAllocatorName);159        CHECK_NE(NonConstSpaceBeg, ~(uptr)0);160      }161      RegionInfoSpace = SpaceEnd();162      MapWithCallbackOrDie(RegionInfoSpace, AdditionalSize(),163                           "SizeClassAllocator: region info");164    }165    SetReleaseToOSIntervalMs(release_to_os_interval_ms);166    // Check that the RegionInfo array is aligned on the CacheLine size.167    DCHECK_EQ(RegionInfoSpace % kCacheLineSize, 0);168  }169 170  s32 ReleaseToOSIntervalMs() const {171    return atomic_load(&release_to_os_interval_ms_, memory_order_relaxed);172  }173 174  void SetReleaseToOSIntervalMs(s32 release_to_os_interval_ms) {175    atomic_store(&release_to_os_interval_ms_, release_to_os_interval_ms,176                 memory_order_relaxed);177  }178 179  void ForceReleaseToOS() {180    MemoryMapperT memory_mapper(*this);181    for (uptr class_id = 1; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++) {182      Lock l(&GetRegionInfo(class_id)->mutex);183      MaybeReleaseToOS(&memory_mapper, class_id, true /*force*/);184    }185  }186 187  static bool CanAllocate(uptr size, uptr alignment) {188    return size <= SizeClassMap::kMaxSize &&189      alignment <= SizeClassMap::kMaxSize;190  }191 192  NOINLINE void ReturnToAllocator(MemoryMapperT *memory_mapper,193                                  AllocatorStats *stat, uptr class_id,194                                  const CompactPtrT *chunks, uptr n_chunks) {195    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);196    uptr region_beg = GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id);197    CompactPtrT *free_array = GetFreeArray(region_beg);198 199    Lock l(&region->mutex);200    uptr old_num_chunks = region->num_freed_chunks;201    uptr new_num_freed_chunks = old_num_chunks + n_chunks;202    // Failure to allocate free array space while releasing memory is non203    // recoverable.204    if (UNLIKELY(!EnsureFreeArraySpace(region, region_beg,205                                       new_num_freed_chunks))) {206      Report(207          "FATAL: Internal error: %s's allocator exhausted the free list "208          "space for size class %zu (%zu bytes).\n",209          SanitizerToolName, class_id, ClassIdToSize(class_id));210      Die();211    }212    for (uptr i = 0; i < n_chunks; i++)213      free_array[old_num_chunks + i] = chunks[i];214    region->num_freed_chunks = new_num_freed_chunks;215    region->stats.n_freed += n_chunks;216 217    MaybeReleaseToOS(memory_mapper, class_id, false /*force*/);218  }219 220  NOINLINE bool GetFromAllocator(AllocatorStats *stat, uptr class_id,221                                 CompactPtrT *chunks, uptr n_chunks) {222    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);223    uptr region_beg = GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id);224    CompactPtrT *free_array = GetFreeArray(region_beg);225 226    Lock l(&region->mutex);227#if SANITIZER_WINDOWS228    /* On Windows unmapping of memory during __sanitizer_purge_allocator is229    explicit and immediate, so unmapped regions must be explicitly mapped back230    in when they are accessed again. */231    if (region->rtoi.last_released_bytes > 0) {232      MmapFixedOrDie(region_beg, region->mapped_user,233                                      "SizeClassAllocator: region data");234      region->rtoi.n_freed_at_last_release = 0;235      region->rtoi.last_released_bytes = 0;236    }237#endif238    if (UNLIKELY(region->num_freed_chunks < n_chunks)) {239      if (UNLIKELY(!PopulateFreeArray(stat, class_id, region,240                                      n_chunks - region->num_freed_chunks)))241        return false;242      CHECK_GE(region->num_freed_chunks, n_chunks);243    }244    region->num_freed_chunks -= n_chunks;245    uptr base_idx = region->num_freed_chunks;246    for (uptr i = 0; i < n_chunks; i++)247      chunks[i] = free_array[base_idx + i];248    region->stats.n_allocated += n_chunks;249    return true;250  }251 252  bool PointerIsMine(const void *p) const {253    uptr P = reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p);254    if (kUsingConstantSpaceBeg && (kSpaceBeg % kSpaceSize) == 0)255      return P / kSpaceSize == kSpaceBeg / kSpaceSize;256    return P >= SpaceBeg() && P < SpaceEnd();257  }258 259  uptr GetRegionBegin(const void *p) {260    if (kUsingConstantSpaceBeg)261      return reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) & ~(kRegionSize - 1);262    uptr space_beg = SpaceBeg();263    return ((reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p)  - space_beg) & ~(kRegionSize - 1)) +264        space_beg;265  }266 267  uptr GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(uptr class_id) const {268    return SpaceBeg() + kRegionSize * class_id;269  }270 271  uptr GetSizeClass(const void *p) {272    if (kUsingConstantSpaceBeg && (kSpaceBeg % kSpaceSize) == 0)273      return ((reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p)) / kRegionSize) % kNumClassesRounded;274    return ((reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) - SpaceBeg()) / kRegionSize) %275           kNumClassesRounded;276  }277 278  void *GetBlockBegin(const void *p) {279    uptr class_id = GetSizeClass(p);280    if (class_id >= kNumClasses) return nullptr;281    uptr size = ClassIdToSize(class_id);282    if (!size) return nullptr;283    uptr chunk_idx = GetChunkIdx((uptr)p, size);284    uptr reg_beg = GetRegionBegin(p);285    uptr beg = chunk_idx * size;286    uptr next_beg = beg + size;287    const RegionInfo *region = AddressSpaceView::Load(GetRegionInfo(class_id));288    if (region->mapped_user >= next_beg)289      return reinterpret_cast<void*>(reg_beg + beg);290    return nullptr;291  }292 293  uptr GetActuallyAllocatedSize(void *p) {294    CHECK(PointerIsMine(p));295    return ClassIdToSize(GetSizeClass(p));296  }297 298  static uptr ClassID(uptr size) { return SizeClassMap::ClassID(size); }299 300  void *GetMetaData(const void *p) {301    CHECK(kMetadataSize);302    uptr class_id = GetSizeClass(p);303    uptr size = ClassIdToSize(class_id);304    if (!size)305      return nullptr;306    uptr chunk_idx = GetChunkIdx(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p), size);307    uptr region_beg = GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id);308    return reinterpret_cast<void *>(GetMetadataEnd(region_beg) -309                                    (1 + chunk_idx) * kMetadataSize);310  }311 312  uptr TotalMemoryUsed() {313    uptr res = 0;314    for (uptr i = 0; i < kNumClasses; i++)315      res += GetRegionInfo(i)->allocated_user;316    return res;317  }318 319  // Test-only.320  void TestOnlyUnmap() {321    UnmapWithCallbackOrDie((uptr)address_range.base(), address_range.size());322  }323 324  static void FillMemoryProfile(uptr start, uptr rss, bool file, uptr *stats) {325    for (uptr class_id = 0; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++)326      if (stats[class_id] == start)327        stats[class_id] = rss;328  }329 330  void PrintStats(uptr class_id, uptr rss) {331    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);332    if (region->mapped_user == 0) return;333    uptr in_use = region->stats.n_allocated - region->stats.n_freed;334    uptr avail_chunks = region->allocated_user / ClassIdToSize(class_id);335    Printf(336        "%s %02zd (%6zd): mapped: %6zdK allocs: %7zd frees: %7zd inuse: %6zd "337        "num_freed_chunks %7zd avail: %6zd rss: %6zdK releases: %6zd "338        "last released: %6lldK region: %p\n",339        region->exhausted ? "F" : " ", class_id, ClassIdToSize(class_id),340        region->mapped_user >> 10, region->stats.n_allocated,341        region->stats.n_freed, in_use, region->num_freed_chunks, avail_chunks,342        rss >> 10, region->rtoi.num_releases,343        region->rtoi.last_released_bytes >> 10,344        (void *)(SpaceBeg() + kRegionSize * class_id));345  }346 347  void PrintStats() {348    uptr rss_stats[kNumClasses];349    for (uptr class_id = 0; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++)350      rss_stats[class_id] = SpaceBeg() + kRegionSize * class_id;351    GetMemoryProfile(FillMemoryProfile, rss_stats);352 353    uptr total_mapped = 0;354    uptr total_rss = 0;355    uptr n_allocated = 0;356    uptr n_freed = 0;357    for (uptr class_id = 1; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++) {358      RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);359      if (region->mapped_user != 0) {360        total_mapped += region->mapped_user;361        total_rss += rss_stats[class_id];362      }363      n_allocated += region->stats.n_allocated;364      n_freed += region->stats.n_freed;365    }366 367    Printf("Stats: SizeClassAllocator64: %zdM mapped (%zdM rss) in "368           "%zd allocations; remains %zd\n", total_mapped >> 20,369           total_rss >> 20, n_allocated, n_allocated - n_freed);370    for (uptr class_id = 1; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++)371      PrintStats(class_id, rss_stats[class_id]);372  }373 374  // ForceLock() and ForceUnlock() are needed to implement Darwin malloc zone375  // introspection API.376  void ForceLock() SANITIZER_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {377    for (uptr i = 0; i < kNumClasses; i++) {378      GetRegionInfo(i)->mutex.Lock();379    }380  }381 382  void ForceUnlock() SANITIZER_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {383    for (int i = (int)kNumClasses - 1; i >= 0; i--) {384      GetRegionInfo(i)->mutex.Unlock();385    }386  }387 388  // Iterate over all existing chunks.389  // The allocator must be locked when calling this function.390  void ForEachChunk(ForEachChunkCallback callback, void *arg) {391    for (uptr class_id = 1; class_id < kNumClasses; class_id++) {392      RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);393      uptr chunk_size = ClassIdToSize(class_id);394      uptr region_beg = SpaceBeg() + class_id * kRegionSize;395      uptr region_allocated_user_size =396          AddressSpaceView::Load(region)->allocated_user;397      for (uptr chunk = region_beg;398           chunk < region_beg + region_allocated_user_size;399           chunk += chunk_size) {400        // Too slow: CHECK_EQ((void *)chunk, GetBlockBegin((void *)chunk));401        callback(chunk, arg);402      }403    }404  }405 406  static uptr ClassIdToSize(uptr class_id) {407    return SizeClassMap::Size(class_id);408  }409 410  static uptr AdditionalSize() {411    return RoundUpTo(sizeof(RegionInfo) * kNumClassesRounded,412                     GetPageSizeCached());413  }414 415  typedef SizeClassMap SizeClassMapT;416  static const uptr kNumClasses = SizeClassMap::kNumClasses;417  static const uptr kNumClassesRounded = SizeClassMap::kNumClassesRounded;418 419  // A packed array of counters. Each counter occupies 2^n bits, enough to store420  // counter's max_value. Ctor will try to allocate the required buffer via421  // mapper->MapPackedCounterArrayBuffer and the caller is expected to check422  // whether the initialization was successful by checking IsAllocated() result.423  // For the performance sake, none of the accessors check the validity of the424  // arguments, it is assumed that index is always in [0, n) range and the value425  // is not incremented past max_value.426  class PackedCounterArray {427   public:428    template <typename MemoryMapper>429    PackedCounterArray(u64 num_counters, u64 max_value, MemoryMapper *mapper)430        : n(num_counters) {431      CHECK_GT(num_counters, 0);432      CHECK_GT(max_value, 0);433      constexpr u64 kMaxCounterBits = sizeof(*buffer) * 8ULL;434      // Rounding counter storage size up to the power of two allows for using435      // bit shifts calculating particular counter's index and offset.436      uptr counter_size_bits =437          RoundUpToPowerOfTwo(MostSignificantSetBitIndex(max_value) + 1);438      CHECK_LE(counter_size_bits, kMaxCounterBits);439      counter_size_bits_log = Log2(counter_size_bits);440      counter_mask = ~0ULL >> (kMaxCounterBits - counter_size_bits);441 442      uptr packing_ratio = kMaxCounterBits >> counter_size_bits_log;443      CHECK_GT(packing_ratio, 0);444      packing_ratio_log = Log2(packing_ratio);445      bit_offset_mask = packing_ratio - 1;446 447      buffer = mapper->MapPackedCounterArrayBuffer(448          RoundUpTo(n, 1ULL << packing_ratio_log) >> packing_ratio_log);449    }450 451    bool IsAllocated() const {452      return !!buffer;453    }454 455    u64 GetCount() const {456      return n;457    }458 459    uptr Get(uptr i) const {460      DCHECK_LT(i, n);461      uptr index = i >> packing_ratio_log;462      uptr bit_offset = (i & bit_offset_mask) << counter_size_bits_log;463      return (buffer[index] >> bit_offset) & counter_mask;464    }465 466    void Inc(uptr i) const {467      DCHECK_LT(Get(i), counter_mask);468      uptr index = i >> packing_ratio_log;469      uptr bit_offset = (i & bit_offset_mask) << counter_size_bits_log;470      buffer[index] += 1ULL << bit_offset;471    }472 473    void IncRange(uptr from, uptr to) const {474      DCHECK_LE(from, to);475      for (uptr i = from; i <= to; i++)476        Inc(i);477    }478 479   private:480    const u64 n;481    u64 counter_size_bits_log;482    u64 counter_mask;483    u64 packing_ratio_log;484    u64 bit_offset_mask;485    u64* buffer;486  };487 488  template <class MemoryMapperT>489  class FreePagesRangeTracker {490   public:491    FreePagesRangeTracker(MemoryMapperT *mapper, uptr class_id)492        : memory_mapper(mapper),493          class_id(class_id),494          page_size_scaled_log(Log2(GetPageSizeCached() >> kCompactPtrScale)) {}495 496    void NextPage(bool freed) {497      if (freed) {498        if (!in_the_range) {499          current_range_start_page = current_page;500          in_the_range = true;501        }502      } else {503        CloseOpenedRange();504      }505      current_page++;506    }507 508    void Done() {509      CloseOpenedRange();510    }511 512   private:513    void CloseOpenedRange() {514      if (in_the_range) {515        memory_mapper->ReleasePageRangeToOS(516            class_id, current_range_start_page << page_size_scaled_log,517            current_page << page_size_scaled_log);518        in_the_range = false;519      }520    }521 522    MemoryMapperT *const memory_mapper = nullptr;523    const uptr class_id = 0;524    const uptr page_size_scaled_log = 0;525    bool in_the_range = false;526    uptr current_page = 0;527    uptr current_range_start_page = 0;528  };529 530  // Iterates over the free_array to identify memory pages containing freed531  // chunks only and returns these pages back to OS.532  // allocated_pages_count is the total number of pages allocated for the533  // current bucket.534  template <typename MemoryMapper>535  static void ReleaseFreeMemoryToOS(CompactPtrT *free_array,536                                    uptr free_array_count, uptr chunk_size,537                                    uptr allocated_pages_count,538                                    MemoryMapper *memory_mapper,539                                    uptr class_id) {540    const uptr page_size = GetPageSizeCached();541 542    // Figure out the number of chunks per page and whether we can take a fast543    // path (the number of chunks per page is the same for all pages).544    uptr full_pages_chunk_count_max;545    bool same_chunk_count_per_page;546    if (chunk_size <= page_size && page_size % chunk_size == 0) {547      // Same number of chunks per page, no cross overs.548      full_pages_chunk_count_max = page_size / chunk_size;549      same_chunk_count_per_page = true;550    } else if (chunk_size <= page_size && page_size % chunk_size != 0 &&551        chunk_size % (page_size % chunk_size) == 0) {552      // Some chunks are crossing page boundaries, which means that the page553      // contains one or two partial chunks, but all pages contain the same554      // number of chunks.555      full_pages_chunk_count_max = page_size / chunk_size + 1;556      same_chunk_count_per_page = true;557    } else if (chunk_size <= page_size) {558      // Some chunks are crossing page boundaries, which means that the page559      // contains one or two partial chunks.560      full_pages_chunk_count_max = page_size / chunk_size + 2;561      same_chunk_count_per_page = false;562    } else if (chunk_size > page_size && chunk_size % page_size == 0) {563      // One chunk covers multiple pages, no cross overs.564      full_pages_chunk_count_max = 1;565      same_chunk_count_per_page = true;566    } else if (chunk_size > page_size) {567      // One chunk covers multiple pages, Some chunks are crossing page568      // boundaries. Some pages contain one chunk, some contain two.569      full_pages_chunk_count_max = 2;570      same_chunk_count_per_page = false;571    } else {572      UNREACHABLE("All chunk_size/page_size ratios must be handled.");573    }574 575    PackedCounterArray counters(allocated_pages_count,576                                full_pages_chunk_count_max, memory_mapper);577    if (!counters.IsAllocated())578      return;579 580    const uptr chunk_size_scaled = chunk_size >> kCompactPtrScale;581    const uptr page_size_scaled = page_size >> kCompactPtrScale;582    const uptr page_size_scaled_log = Log2(page_size_scaled);583 584    // Iterate over free chunks and count how many free chunks affect each585    // allocated page.586    if (chunk_size <= page_size && page_size % chunk_size == 0) {587      // Each chunk affects one page only.588      for (uptr i = 0; i < free_array_count; i++)589        counters.Inc(free_array[i] >> page_size_scaled_log);590    } else {591      // In all other cases chunks might affect more than one page.592      for (uptr i = 0; i < free_array_count; i++) {593        counters.IncRange(594            free_array[i] >> page_size_scaled_log,595            (free_array[i] + chunk_size_scaled - 1) >> page_size_scaled_log);596      }597    }598 599    // Iterate over pages detecting ranges of pages with chunk counters equal600    // to the expected number of chunks for the particular page.601    FreePagesRangeTracker<MemoryMapper> range_tracker(memory_mapper, class_id);602    if (same_chunk_count_per_page) {603      // Fast path, every page has the same number of chunks affecting it.604      for (uptr i = 0; i < counters.GetCount(); i++)605        range_tracker.NextPage(counters.Get(i) == full_pages_chunk_count_max);606    } else {607      // Show path, go through the pages keeping count how many chunks affect608      // each page.609      const uptr pn =610          chunk_size < page_size ? page_size_scaled / chunk_size_scaled : 1;611      const uptr pnc = pn * chunk_size_scaled;612      // The idea is to increment the current page pointer by the first chunk613      // size, middle portion size (the portion of the page covered by chunks614      // except the first and the last one) and then the last chunk size, adding615      // up the number of chunks on the current page and checking on every step616      // whether the page boundary was crossed.617      uptr prev_page_boundary = 0;618      uptr current_boundary = 0;619      for (uptr i = 0; i < counters.GetCount(); i++) {620        uptr page_boundary = prev_page_boundary + page_size_scaled;621        uptr chunks_per_page = pn;622        if (current_boundary < page_boundary) {623          if (current_boundary > prev_page_boundary)624            chunks_per_page++;625          current_boundary += pnc;626          if (current_boundary < page_boundary) {627            chunks_per_page++;628            current_boundary += chunk_size_scaled;629          }630        }631        prev_page_boundary = page_boundary;632 633        range_tracker.NextPage(counters.Get(i) == chunks_per_page);634      }635    }636    range_tracker.Done();637  }638 639 private:640  friend class MemoryMapper<ThisT>;641 642  ReservedAddressRange address_range;643 644  static const uptr kRegionSize = kSpaceSize / kNumClassesRounded;645  // FreeArray is the array of free-d chunks (stored as 4-byte offsets).646  // In the worst case it may require kRegionSize/SizeClassMap::kMinSize647  // elements, but in reality this will not happen. For simplicity we648  // dedicate 1/8 of the region's virtual space to FreeArray.649  static const uptr kFreeArraySize = kRegionSize / 8;650 651  static const bool kUsingConstantSpaceBeg = kSpaceBeg != ~(uptr)0;652  uptr NonConstSpaceBeg;653  uptr SpaceBeg() const {654    return kUsingConstantSpaceBeg ? kSpaceBeg : NonConstSpaceBeg;655  }656  uptr SpaceEnd() const { return  SpaceBeg() + kSpaceSize; }657  // kRegionSize should be able to satisfy the largest size class.658  static_assert(kRegionSize >= SizeClassMap::kMaxSize,659                "Region size exceed largest size");660  // kRegionSize must be <= 2^36, see CompactPtrT.661  COMPILER_CHECK((kRegionSize) <=662                 (1ULL << (sizeof(CompactPtrT) * 8 + kCompactPtrScale)));663  // Call mmap for user memory with at least this size.664  static const uptr kUserMapSize = 1 << 18;665  // Call mmap for metadata memory with at least this size.666  static const uptr kMetaMapSize = 1 << 16;667  // Call mmap for free array memory with at least this size.668  static const uptr kFreeArrayMapSize = 1 << 18;669 670  atomic_sint32_t release_to_os_interval_ms_;671 672  uptr RegionInfoSpace;673 674  // True if the user has already mapped the entire heap R/W.675  bool PremappedHeap;676 677  struct Stats {678    uptr n_allocated;679    uptr n_freed;680  };681 682  struct ReleaseToOsInfo {683    uptr n_freed_at_last_release;684    uptr num_releases;685    u64 last_release_at_ns;686    u64 last_released_bytes;687  };688 689  struct alignas(SANITIZER_CACHE_LINE_SIZE) RegionInfo {690    Mutex mutex;691    uptr num_freed_chunks;  // Number of elements in the freearray.692    uptr mapped_free_array;  // Bytes mapped for freearray.693    uptr allocated_user;  // Bytes allocated for user memory.694    uptr allocated_meta;  // Bytes allocated for metadata.695    uptr mapped_user;  // Bytes mapped for user memory.696    uptr mapped_meta;  // Bytes mapped for metadata.697    u32 rand_state;  // Seed for random shuffle, used if kRandomShuffleChunks.698    bool exhausted;  // Whether region is out of space for new chunks.699    Stats stats;700    ReleaseToOsInfo rtoi;701  };702  COMPILER_CHECK(sizeof(RegionInfo) % kCacheLineSize == 0);703 704  RegionInfo *GetRegionInfo(uptr class_id) const {705    DCHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);706    RegionInfo *regions = reinterpret_cast<RegionInfo *>(RegionInfoSpace);707    return &regions[class_id];708  }709 710  uptr GetMetadataEnd(uptr region_beg) const {711    return region_beg + kRegionSize - kFreeArraySize;712  }713 714  uptr GetChunkIdx(uptr chunk, uptr size) const {715    if (!kUsingConstantSpaceBeg)716      chunk -= SpaceBeg();717 718    uptr offset = chunk % kRegionSize;719    // Here we divide by a non-constant. This is costly.720    // size always fits into 32-bits. If the offset fits too, use 32-bit div.721    if (offset >> (SANITIZER_WORDSIZE / 2))722      return offset / size;723    return (u32)offset / (u32)size;724  }725 726  CompactPtrT *GetFreeArray(uptr region_beg) const {727    return reinterpret_cast<CompactPtrT *>(GetMetadataEnd(region_beg));728  }729 730  bool MapWithCallback(uptr beg, uptr size, const char *name) {731    if (PremappedHeap)732      return beg >= NonConstSpaceBeg &&733             beg + size <= NonConstSpaceBeg + kSpaceSize;734    uptr mapped = address_range.Map(beg, size, name);735    if (UNLIKELY(!mapped))736      return false;737    CHECK_EQ(beg, mapped);738    MapUnmapCallback().OnMap(beg, size);739    return true;740  }741 742  void MapWithCallbackOrDie(uptr beg, uptr size, const char *name) {743    if (PremappedHeap) {744      CHECK_GE(beg, NonConstSpaceBeg);745      CHECK_LE(beg + size, NonConstSpaceBeg + kSpaceSize);746      return;747    }748    CHECK_EQ(beg, address_range.MapOrDie(beg, size, name));749    MapUnmapCallback().OnMap(beg, size);750  }751 752  void UnmapWithCallbackOrDie(uptr beg, uptr size) {753    if (PremappedHeap)754      return;755    MapUnmapCallback().OnUnmap(beg, size);756    address_range.Unmap(beg, size);757  }758 759  bool EnsureFreeArraySpace(RegionInfo *region, uptr region_beg,760                            uptr num_freed_chunks) {761    uptr needed_space = num_freed_chunks * sizeof(CompactPtrT);762    if (region->mapped_free_array < needed_space) {763      uptr new_mapped_free_array = RoundUpTo(needed_space, kFreeArrayMapSize);764      CHECK_LE(new_mapped_free_array, kFreeArraySize);765      uptr current_map_end = reinterpret_cast<uptr>(GetFreeArray(region_beg)) +766                             region->mapped_free_array;767      uptr new_map_size = new_mapped_free_array - region->mapped_free_array;768      if (UNLIKELY(!MapWithCallback(current_map_end, new_map_size,769                                    "SizeClassAllocator: freearray")))770        return false;771      region->mapped_free_array = new_mapped_free_array;772    }773    return true;774  }775 776  // Check whether this size class is exhausted.777  bool IsRegionExhausted(RegionInfo *region, uptr class_id,778                         uptr additional_map_size) {779    if (LIKELY(region->mapped_user + region->mapped_meta +780               additional_map_size <= kRegionSize - kFreeArraySize))781      return false;782    if (!region->exhausted) {783      region->exhausted = true;784      Printf("%s: Out of memory. ", SanitizerToolName);785      Printf(786          "The process has exhausted %zu MB for size class %zu (%zu bytes).\n",787          kRegionSize >> 20, class_id, ClassIdToSize(class_id));788    }789    return true;790  }791 792  NOINLINE bool PopulateFreeArray(AllocatorStats *stat, uptr class_id,793                                  RegionInfo *region, uptr requested_count) {794    // region->mutex is held.795    const uptr region_beg = GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id);796    const uptr size = ClassIdToSize(class_id);797 798    const uptr total_user_bytes =799        region->allocated_user + requested_count * size;800    // Map more space for chunks, if necessary.801    if (LIKELY(total_user_bytes > region->mapped_user)) {802      if (UNLIKELY(region->mapped_user == 0)) {803        if (!kUsingConstantSpaceBeg && kRandomShuffleChunks)804          // The random state is initialized from ASLR.805          region->rand_state = static_cast<u32>(region_beg >> 12);806        // Postpone the first release to OS attempt for ReleaseToOSIntervalMs,807        // preventing just allocated memory from being released sooner than808        // necessary and also preventing extraneous ReleaseMemoryPagesToOS calls809        // for short lived processes.810        // Do it only when the feature is turned on, to avoid a potentially811        // extraneous syscall.812        if (ReleaseToOSIntervalMs() >= 0)813          region->rtoi.last_release_at_ns = MonotonicNanoTime();814      }815      // Do the mmap for the user memory.816      const uptr user_map_size =817          RoundUpTo(total_user_bytes - region->mapped_user, kUserMapSize);818      if (UNLIKELY(IsRegionExhausted(region, class_id, user_map_size)))819        return false;820      if (UNLIKELY(!MapWithCallback(region_beg + region->mapped_user,821                                    user_map_size,822                                    "SizeClassAllocator: region data")))823        return false;824      stat->Add(AllocatorStatMapped, user_map_size);825      region->mapped_user += user_map_size;826    }827    const uptr new_chunks_count =828        (region->mapped_user - region->allocated_user) / size;829 830    if (kMetadataSize) {831      // Calculate the required space for metadata.832      const uptr total_meta_bytes =833          region->allocated_meta + new_chunks_count * kMetadataSize;834      const uptr meta_map_size = (total_meta_bytes > region->mapped_meta) ?835          RoundUpTo(total_meta_bytes - region->mapped_meta, kMetaMapSize) : 0;836      // Map more space for metadata, if necessary.837      if (meta_map_size) {838        if (UNLIKELY(IsRegionExhausted(region, class_id, meta_map_size)))839          return false;840        if (UNLIKELY(!MapWithCallback(841            GetMetadataEnd(region_beg) - region->mapped_meta - meta_map_size,842            meta_map_size, "SizeClassAllocator: region metadata")))843          return false;844        region->mapped_meta += meta_map_size;845      }846    }847 848    // If necessary, allocate more space for the free array and populate it with849    // newly allocated chunks.850    const uptr total_freed_chunks = region->num_freed_chunks + new_chunks_count;851    if (UNLIKELY(!EnsureFreeArraySpace(region, region_beg, total_freed_chunks)))852      return false;853    CompactPtrT *free_array = GetFreeArray(region_beg);854    for (uptr i = 0, chunk = region->allocated_user; i < new_chunks_count;855         i++, chunk += size)856      free_array[total_freed_chunks - 1 - i] = PointerToCompactPtr(0, chunk);857    if (kRandomShuffleChunks)858      RandomShuffle(&free_array[region->num_freed_chunks], new_chunks_count,859                    &region->rand_state);860 861    // All necessary memory is mapped and now it is safe to advance all862    // 'allocated_*' counters.863    region->num_freed_chunks += new_chunks_count;864    region->allocated_user += new_chunks_count * size;865    CHECK_LE(region->allocated_user, region->mapped_user);866    region->allocated_meta += new_chunks_count * kMetadataSize;867    CHECK_LE(region->allocated_meta, region->mapped_meta);868    region->exhausted = false;869 870    // TODO(alekseyshl): Consider bumping last_release_at_ns here to prevent871    // MaybeReleaseToOS from releasing just allocated pages or protect these872    // not yet used chunks some other way.873 874    return true;875  }876 877  // Attempts to release RAM occupied by freed chunks back to OS. The region is878  // expected to be locked.879  //880  // TODO(morehouse): Support a callback on memory release so HWASan can release881  // aliases as well.882  void MaybeReleaseToOS(MemoryMapperT *memory_mapper, uptr class_id,883                        bool force) {884    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);885    const uptr chunk_size = ClassIdToSize(class_id);886    const uptr page_size = GetPageSizeCached();887 888    uptr n = region->num_freed_chunks;889    if (n * chunk_size < page_size)890      return;  // No chance to release anything.891    if ((region->stats.n_freed -892         region->rtoi.n_freed_at_last_release) * chunk_size < page_size) {893      return;  // Nothing new to release.894    }895 896    if (!force) {897      s32 interval_ms = ReleaseToOSIntervalMs();898      if (interval_ms < 0)899        return;900 901      if (region->rtoi.last_release_at_ns + interval_ms * 1000000ULL >902          MonotonicNanoTime()) {903        return;  // Memory was returned recently.904      }905    }906 907    ReleaseFreeMemoryToOS(908        GetFreeArray(GetRegionBeginBySizeClass(class_id)), n, chunk_size,909        RoundUpTo(region->allocated_user, page_size) / page_size, memory_mapper,910        class_id);911 912    uptr ranges, bytes;913    if (memory_mapper->GetAndResetStats(ranges, bytes)) {914      region->rtoi.n_freed_at_last_release = region->stats.n_freed;915      region->rtoi.num_releases += ranges;916      region->rtoi.last_released_bytes = bytes;917    }918    region->rtoi.last_release_at_ns = MonotonicNanoTime();919  }920};921