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1//===- StackColoring.cpp --------------------------------------------------===//2//3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception6//7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//8//9// This pass implements the stack-coloring optimization that looks for10// lifetime markers machine instructions (LIFETIME_START and LIFETIME_END),11// which represent the possible lifetime of stack slots. It attempts to12// merge disjoint stack slots and reduce the used stack space.13// NOTE: This pass is not StackSlotColoring, which optimizes spill slots.14//15// TODO: In the future we plan to improve stack coloring in the following ways:16// 1. Allow merging multiple small slots into a single larger slot at different17//    offsets.18// 2. Merge this pass with StackSlotColoring and allow merging of allocas with19//    spill slots.20//21//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//22 23#include "llvm/CodeGen/StackColoring.h"24#include "llvm/ADT/BitVector.h"25#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"26#include "llvm/ADT/DepthFirstIterator.h"27#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"28#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"29#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"30#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"31#include "llvm/CodeGen/LiveInterval.h"32#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"33#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"34#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"35#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"36#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"37#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineMemOperand.h"38#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineOperand.h"39#include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"40#include "llvm/CodeGen/PseudoSourceValueManager.h"41#include "llvm/CodeGen/SlotIndexes.h"42#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetOpcodes.h"43#include "llvm/CodeGen/WinEHFuncInfo.h"44#include "llvm/Config/llvm-config.h"45#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"46#include "llvm/IR/DebugInfoMetadata.h"47#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"48#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h"49#include "llvm/IR/Use.h"50#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"51#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"52#include "llvm/Pass.h"53#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"54#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"55#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"56#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"57#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"58#include <algorithm>59#include <cassert>60#include <limits>61#include <memory>62#include <utility>63 64using namespace llvm;65 66#define DEBUG_TYPE "stack-coloring"67 68static cl::opt<bool>69DisableColoring("no-stack-coloring",70        cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,71        cl::desc("Disable stack coloring"));72 73/// The user may write code that uses allocas outside of the declared lifetime74/// zone. This can happen when the user returns a reference to a local75/// data-structure. We can detect these cases and decide not to optimize the76/// code. If this flag is enabled, we try to save the user. This option77/// is treated as overriding LifetimeStartOnFirstUse below.78static cl::opt<bool>79ProtectFromEscapedAllocas("protect-from-escaped-allocas",80                          cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,81                          cl::desc("Do not optimize lifetime zones that "82                                   "are broken"));83 84/// Enable enhanced dataflow scheme for lifetime analysis (treat first85/// use of stack slot as start of slot lifetime, as opposed to looking86/// for LIFETIME_START marker). See "Implementation notes" below for87/// more info.88static cl::opt<bool>89LifetimeStartOnFirstUse("stackcoloring-lifetime-start-on-first-use",90        cl::init(true), cl::Hidden,91        cl::desc("Treat stack lifetimes as starting on first use, not on START marker."));92 93 94STATISTIC(NumMarkerSeen,  "Number of lifetime markers found.");95STATISTIC(StackSpaceSaved, "Number of bytes saved due to merging slots.");96STATISTIC(StackSlotMerged, "Number of stack slot merged.");97STATISTIC(EscapedAllocas, "Number of allocas that escaped the lifetime region");98 99//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//100//                           StackColoring Pass101//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//102//103// Stack Coloring reduces stack usage by merging stack slots when they104// can't be used together. For example, consider the following C program:105//106//     void bar(char *, int);107//     void foo(bool var) {108//         A: {109//             char z[4096];110//             bar(z, 0);111//         }112//113//         char *p;114//         char x[4096];115//         char y[4096];116//         if (var) {117//             p = x;118//         } else {119//             bar(y, 1);120//             p = y + 1024;121//         }122//     B:123//         bar(p, 2);124//     }125//126// Naively-compiled, this program would use 12k of stack space. However, the127// stack slot corresponding to `z` is always destroyed before either of the128// stack slots for `x` or `y` are used, and then `x` is only used if `var`129// is true, while `y` is only used if `var` is false. So in no time are 2130// of the stack slots used together, and therefore we can merge them,131// compiling the function using only a single 4k alloca:132//133//     void foo(bool var) { // equivalent134//         char x[4096];135//         char *p;136//         bar(x, 0);137//         if (var) {138//             p = x;139//         } else {140//             bar(x, 1);141//             p = x + 1024;142//         }143//         bar(p, 2);144//     }145//146// This is an important optimization if we want stack space to be under147// control in large functions, both open-coded ones and ones created by148// inlining.149//150// Implementation Notes:151// ---------------------152//153// An important part of the above reasoning is that `z` can't be accessed154// while the latter 2 calls to `bar` are running. This is justified because155// `z`'s lifetime is over after we exit from block `A:`, so any further156// accesses to it would be UB. The way we represent this information157// in LLVM is by having frontends delimit blocks with `lifetime.start`158// and `lifetime.end` intrinsics.159//160// The effect of these intrinsics seems to be as follows (maybe I should161// specify this in the reference?):162//163//   L1) at start, each stack-slot is marked as *out-of-scope*, unless no164//   lifetime intrinsic refers to that stack slot, in which case165//   it is marked as *in-scope*.166//   L2) on a `lifetime.start`, a stack slot is marked as *in-scope* and167//   the stack slot is overwritten with `undef`.168//   L3) on a `lifetime.end`, a stack slot is marked as *out-of-scope*.169//   L4) on function exit, all stack slots are marked as *out-of-scope*.170//   L5) `lifetime.end` is a no-op when called on a slot that is already171//   *out-of-scope*.172//   L6) memory accesses to *out-of-scope* stack slots are UB.173//   L7) when a stack-slot is marked as *out-of-scope*, all pointers to it174//   are invalidated, unless the slot is "degenerate". This is used to175//   justify not marking slots as in-use until the pointer to them is176//   used, but feels a bit hacky in the presence of things like LICM. See177//   the "Degenerate Slots" section for more details.178//179// Now, let's ground stack coloring on these rules. We'll define a slot180// as *in-use* at a (dynamic) point in execution if it either can be181// written to at that point, or if it has a live and non-undef content182// at that point.183//184// Obviously, slots that are never *in-use* together can be merged, and185// in our example `foo`, the slots for `x`, `y` and `z` are never186// in-use together (of course, sometimes slots that *are* in-use together187// might still be mergable, but we don't care about that here).188//189// In this implementation, we successively merge pairs of slots that are190// not *in-use* together. We could be smarter - for example, we could merge191// a single large slot with 2 small slots, or we could construct the192// interference graph and run a "smart" graph coloring algorithm, but with193// that aside, how do we find out whether a pair of slots might be *in-use*194// together?195//196// From our rules, we see that *out-of-scope* slots are never *in-use*,197// and from (L7) we see that "non-degenerate" slots remain non-*in-use*198// until their address is taken. Therefore, we can approximate slot activity199// using dataflow.200//201// A subtle point: naively, we might try to figure out which pairs of202// stack-slots interfere by propagating `S in-use` through the CFG for every203// stack-slot `S`, and having `S` and `T` interfere if there is a CFG point in204// which they are both *in-use*.205//206// That is sound, but overly conservative in some cases: in our (artificial)207// example `foo`, either `x` or `y` might be in use at the label `B:`, but208// as `x` is only in use if we came in from the `var` edge and `y` only209// if we came from the `!var` edge, they still can't be in use together.210// See PR32488 for an important real-life case.211//212// If we wanted to find all points of interference precisely, we could213// propagate `S in-use` and `S&T in-use` predicates through the CFG. That214// would be precise, but requires propagating `O(n^2)` dataflow facts.215//216// However, we aren't interested in the *set* of points of interference217// between 2 stack slots, only *whether* there *is* such a point. So we218// can rely on a little trick: for `S` and `T` to be in-use together,219// one of them needs to become in-use while the other is in-use (or220// they might both become in use simultaneously). We can check this221// by also keeping track of the points at which a stack slot might *start*222// being in-use.223//224// Exact first use:225// ----------------226//227// Consider the following motivating example:228//229//     int foo() {230//       char b1[1024], b2[1024];231//       if (...) {232//         char b3[1024];233//         <uses of b1, b3>;234//         return x;235//       } else {236//         char b4[1024], b5[1024];237//         <uses of b2, b4, b5>;238//         return y;239//       }240//     }241//242// In the code above, "b3" and "b4" are declared in distinct lexical243// scopes, meaning that it is easy to prove that they can share the244// same stack slot. Variables "b1" and "b2" are declared in the same245// scope, meaning that from a lexical point of view, their lifetimes246// overlap. From a control flow pointer of view, however, the two247// variables are accessed in disjoint regions of the CFG, thus it248// should be possible for them to share the same stack slot. An ideal249// stack allocation for the function above would look like:250//251//     slot 0: b1, b2252//     slot 1: b3, b4253//     slot 2: b5254//255// Achieving this allocation is tricky, however, due to the way256// lifetime markers are inserted. Here is a simplified view of the257// control flow graph for the code above:258//259//                +------  block 0 -------+260//               0| LIFETIME_START b1, b2 |261//               1| <test 'if' condition> |262//                +-----------------------+263//                   ./              \.264//   +------  block 1 -------+   +------  block 2 -------+265//  2| LIFETIME_START b3     |  5| LIFETIME_START b4, b5 |266//  3| <uses of b1, b3>      |  6| <uses of b2, b4, b5>  |267//  4| LIFETIME_END b3       |  7| LIFETIME_END b4, b5   |268//   +-----------------------+   +-----------------------+269//                   \.              /.270//                +------  block 3 -------+271//               8| <cleanupcode>         |272//               9| LIFETIME_END b1, b2   |273//              10| return                |274//                +-----------------------+275//276// If we create live intervals for the variables above strictly based277// on the lifetime markers, we'll get the set of intervals on the278// left. If we ignore the lifetime start markers and instead treat a279// variable's lifetime as beginning with the first reference to the280// var, then we get the intervals on the right.281//282//            LIFETIME_START      First Use283//     b1:    [0,9]               [3,4] [8,9]284//     b2:    [0,9]               [6,9]285//     b3:    [2,4]               [3,4]286//     b4:    [5,7]               [6,7]287//     b5:    [5,7]               [6,7]288//289// For the intervals on the left, the best we can do is overlap two290// variables (b3 and b4, for example); this gives us a stack size of291// 4*1024 bytes, not ideal. When treating first-use as the start of a292// lifetime, we can additionally overlap b1 and b5, giving us a 3*1024293// byte stack (better).294//295// Degenerate Slots:296// -----------------297//298// Relying entirely on first-use of stack slots is problematic,299// however, due to the fact that optimizations can sometimes migrate300// uses of a variable outside of its lifetime start/end region. Here301// is an example:302//303//     int bar() {304//       char b1[1024], b2[1024];305//       if (...) {306//         <uses of b2>307//         return y;308//       } else {309//         <uses of b1>310//         while (...) {311//           char b3[1024];312//           <uses of b3>313//         }314//       }315//     }316//317// Before optimization, the control flow graph for the code above318// might look like the following:319//320//                +------  block 0 -------+321//               0| LIFETIME_START b1, b2 |322//               1| <test 'if' condition> |323//                +-----------------------+324//                   ./              \.325//   +------  block 1 -------+    +------- block 2 -------+326//  2| <uses of b2>          |   3| <uses of b1>          |327//   +-----------------------+    +-----------------------+328//              |                            |329//              |                 +------- block 3 -------+ <-\.330//              |                4| <while condition>     |    |331//              |                 +-----------------------+    |332//              |               /          |                   |333//              |              /  +------- block 4 -------+334//              \             /  5| LIFETIME_START b3     |    |335//               \           /   6| <uses of b3>          |    |336//                \         /    7| LIFETIME_END b3       |    |337//                 \        |    +------------------------+    |338//                  \       |                 \                /339//                +------  block 5 -----+      \---------------340//               8| <cleanupcode>       |341//               9| LIFETIME_END b1, b2 |342//              10| return              |343//                +---------------------+344//345// During optimization, however, it can happen that an instruction346// computing an address in "b3" (for example, a loop-invariant GEP) is347// hoisted up out of the loop from block 4 to block 2.  [Note that348// this is not an actual load from the stack, only an instruction that349// computes the address to be loaded]. If this happens, there is now a350// path leading from the first use of b3 to the return instruction351// that does not encounter the b3 LIFETIME_END, hence b3's lifetime is352// now larger than if we were computing live intervals strictly based353// on lifetime markers. In the example above, this lengthened lifetime354// would mean that it would appear illegal to overlap b3 with b2.355//356// To deal with this such cases, the code in ::collectMarkers() below357// tries to identify "degenerate" slots -- those slots where on a single358// forward pass through the CFG we encounter a first reference to slot359// K before we hit the slot K lifetime start marker. For such slots,360// we fall back on using the lifetime start marker as the beginning of361// the variable's lifetime.  NB: with this implementation, slots can362// appear degenerate in cases where there is unstructured control flow:363//364//    if (q) goto mid;365//    if (x > 9) {366//         int b[100];367//         memcpy(&b[0], ...);368//    mid: b[k] = ...;369//         abc(&b);370//    }371//372// If in RPO ordering chosen to walk the CFG  we happen to visit the b[k]373// before visiting the memcpy block (which will contain the lifetime start374// for "b" then it will appear that 'b' has a degenerate lifetime.375 376namespace {377 378/// StackColoring - A machine pass for merging disjoint stack allocations,379/// marked by the LIFETIME_START and LIFETIME_END pseudo instructions.380class StackColoring {381  MachineFrameInfo *MFI = nullptr;382  MachineFunction *MF = nullptr;383 384  /// A class representing liveness information for a single basic block.385  /// Each bit in the BitVector represents the liveness property386  /// for a different stack slot.387  struct BlockLifetimeInfo {388    /// Which slots BEGINs in each basic block.389    BitVector Begin;390 391    /// Which slots ENDs in each basic block.392    BitVector End;393 394    /// Which slots are marked as LIVE_IN, coming into each basic block.395    BitVector LiveIn;396 397    /// Which slots are marked as LIVE_OUT, coming out of each basic block.398    BitVector LiveOut;399  };400 401  /// Maps active slots (per bit) for each basic block.402  using LivenessMap = DenseMap<const MachineBasicBlock *, BlockLifetimeInfo>;403  LivenessMap BlockLiveness;404 405  /// Maps serial numbers to basic blocks.406  DenseMap<const MachineBasicBlock *, int> BasicBlocks;407 408  /// Maps basic blocks to a serial number.409  SmallVector<const MachineBasicBlock *, 8> BasicBlockNumbering;410 411  /// Maps slots to their use interval. Outside of this interval, slots412  /// values are either dead or `undef` and they will not be written to.413  SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<LiveInterval>, 16> Intervals;414 415  /// Maps slots to the points where they can become in-use.416  SmallVector<SmallVector<SlotIndex, 4>, 16> LiveStarts;417 418  /// VNInfo is used for the construction of LiveIntervals.419  VNInfo::Allocator VNInfoAllocator;420 421  /// SlotIndex analysis object.422  SlotIndexes *Indexes = nullptr;423 424  /// The list of lifetime markers found. These markers are to be removed425  /// once the coloring is done.426  SmallVector<MachineInstr*, 8> Markers;427 428  /// Record the FI slots for which we have seen some sort of429  /// lifetime marker (either start or end).430  BitVector InterestingSlots;431 432  /// FI slots that need to be handled conservatively (for these433  /// slots lifetime-start-on-first-use is disabled).434  BitVector ConservativeSlots;435 436  /// Number of iterations taken during data flow analysis.437  unsigned NumIterations;438 439public:440  StackColoring(SlotIndexes *Indexes) : Indexes(Indexes) {}441  bool run(MachineFunction &Func);442 443private:444  /// Used in collectMarkers445  using BlockBitVecMap = DenseMap<const MachineBasicBlock *, BitVector>;446 447  /// Debug.448  void dump() const;449  void dumpIntervals() const;450  void dumpBB(MachineBasicBlock *MBB) const;451  void dumpBV(const char *tag, const BitVector &BV) const;452 453  /// Removes all of the lifetime marker instructions from the function.454  /// \returns true if any markers were removed.455  bool removeAllMarkers();456 457  /// Scan the machine function and find all of the lifetime markers.458  /// Record the findings in the BEGIN and END vectors.459  /// \returns the number of markers found.460  unsigned collectMarkers(unsigned NumSlot);461 462  /// Perform the dataflow calculation and calculate the lifetime for each of463  /// the slots, based on the BEGIN/END vectors. Set the LifetimeLIVE_IN and464  /// LifetimeLIVE_OUT maps that represent which stack slots are live coming465  /// in and out blocks.466  void calculateLocalLiveness();467 468  /// Returns TRUE if we're using the first-use-begins-lifetime method for469  /// this slot (if FALSE, then the start marker is treated as start of lifetime).470  bool applyFirstUse(int Slot) {471    if (!LifetimeStartOnFirstUse || ProtectFromEscapedAllocas)472      return false;473    if (ConservativeSlots.test(Slot))474      return false;475    return true;476  }477 478  /// Examines the specified instruction and returns TRUE if the instruction479  /// represents the start or end of an interesting lifetime. The slot or slots480  /// starting or ending are added to the vector "slots" and "isStart" is set481  /// accordingly.482  /// \returns True if inst contains a lifetime start or end483  bool isLifetimeStartOrEnd(const MachineInstr &MI,484                            SmallVector<int, 4> &slots,485                            bool &isStart);486 487  /// Construct the LiveIntervals for the slots.488  void calculateLiveIntervals(unsigned NumSlots);489 490  /// Go over the machine function and change instructions which use stack491  /// slots to use the joint slots.492  void remapInstructions(DenseMap<int, int> &SlotRemap);493 494  /// The input program may contain instructions which are not inside lifetime495  /// markers. This can happen due to a bug in the compiler or due to a bug in496  /// user code (for example, returning a reference to a local variable).497  /// This procedure checks all of the instructions in the function and498  /// invalidates lifetime ranges which do not contain all of the instructions499  /// which access that frame slot.500  void removeInvalidSlotRanges();501 502  /// Map entries which point to other entries to their destination.503  ///   A->B->C becomes A->C.504  void expungeSlotMap(DenseMap<int, int> &SlotRemap, unsigned NumSlots);505};506 507class StackColoringLegacy : public MachineFunctionPass {508public:509  static char ID;510 511  StackColoringLegacy() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {}512 513  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override;514  bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &Func) override;515};516 517} // end anonymous namespace518 519char StackColoringLegacy::ID = 0;520 521char &llvm::StackColoringLegacyID = StackColoringLegacy::ID;522 523INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(StackColoringLegacy, DEBUG_TYPE,524                      "Merge disjoint stack slots", false, false)525INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(SlotIndexesWrapperPass)526INITIALIZE_PASS_END(StackColoringLegacy, DEBUG_TYPE,527                    "Merge disjoint stack slots", false, false)528 529void StackColoringLegacy::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {530  AU.addRequired<SlotIndexesWrapperPass>();531  MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);532}533 534#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)535LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void StackColoring::dumpBV(const char *tag,536                                            const BitVector &BV) const {537  dbgs() << tag << " : { ";538  for (unsigned I = 0, E = BV.size(); I != E; ++I)539    dbgs() << BV.test(I) << " ";540  dbgs() << "}\n";541}542 543LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void StackColoring::dumpBB(MachineBasicBlock *MBB) const {544  LivenessMap::const_iterator BI = BlockLiveness.find(MBB);545  assert(BI != BlockLiveness.end() && "Block not found");546  const BlockLifetimeInfo &BlockInfo = BI->second;547 548  dumpBV("BEGIN", BlockInfo.Begin);549  dumpBV("END", BlockInfo.End);550  dumpBV("LIVE_IN", BlockInfo.LiveIn);551  dumpBV("LIVE_OUT", BlockInfo.LiveOut);552}553 554LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void StackColoring::dump() const {555  for (MachineBasicBlock *MBB : depth_first(MF)) {556    dbgs() << "Inspecting block #" << MBB->getNumber() << " ["557           << MBB->getName() << "]\n";558    dumpBB(MBB);559  }560}561 562LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void StackColoring::dumpIntervals() const {563  for (unsigned I = 0, E = Intervals.size(); I != E; ++I) {564    dbgs() << "Interval[" << I << "]:\n";565    Intervals[I]->dump();566  }567}568#endif569 570static inline int getStartOrEndSlot(const MachineInstr &MI)571{572  assert((MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START ||573          MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END) &&574         "Expected LIFETIME_START or LIFETIME_END op");575  const MachineOperand &MO = MI.getOperand(0);576  int Slot = MO.getIndex();577  if (Slot >= 0)578    return Slot;579  return -1;580}581 582// At the moment the only way to end a variable lifetime is with583// a VARIABLE_LIFETIME op (which can't contain a start). If things584// change and the IR allows for a single inst that both begins585// and ends lifetime(s), this interface will need to be reworked.586bool StackColoring::isLifetimeStartOrEnd(const MachineInstr &MI,587                                         SmallVector<int, 4> &slots,588                                         bool &isStart) {589  if (MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START ||590      MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END) {591    int Slot = getStartOrEndSlot(MI);592    if (Slot < 0)593      return false;594    if (!InterestingSlots.test(Slot))595      return false;596    slots.push_back(Slot);597    if (MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END) {598      isStart = false;599      return true;600    }601    if (!applyFirstUse(Slot)) {602      isStart = true;603      return true;604    }605  } else if (LifetimeStartOnFirstUse && !ProtectFromEscapedAllocas) {606    if (!MI.isDebugInstr()) {607      bool found = false;608      for (const MachineOperand &MO : MI.operands()) {609        if (!MO.isFI())610          continue;611        int Slot = MO.getIndex();612        if (Slot<0)613          continue;614        if (InterestingSlots.test(Slot) && applyFirstUse(Slot)) {615          slots.push_back(Slot);616          found = true;617        }618      }619      if (found) {620        isStart = true;621        return true;622      }623    }624  }625  return false;626}627 628unsigned StackColoring::collectMarkers(unsigned NumSlot) {629  unsigned MarkersFound = 0;630  BlockBitVecMap SeenStartMap;631  InterestingSlots.clear();632  InterestingSlots.resize(NumSlot);633  ConservativeSlots.clear();634  ConservativeSlots.resize(NumSlot);635 636  // number of start and end lifetime ops for each slot637  SmallVector<int, 8> NumStartLifetimes(NumSlot, 0);638  SmallVector<int, 8> NumEndLifetimes(NumSlot, 0);639 640  // Step 1: collect markers and populate the "InterestingSlots"641  // and "ConservativeSlots" sets.642  for (MachineBasicBlock *MBB : depth_first(MF)) {643    // Compute the set of slots for which we've seen a START marker but have644    // not yet seen an END marker at this point in the walk (e.g. on entry645    // to this bb).646    BitVector BetweenStartEnd;647    BetweenStartEnd.resize(NumSlot);648    for (const MachineBasicBlock *Pred : MBB->predecessors()) {649      BlockBitVecMap::const_iterator I = SeenStartMap.find(Pred);650      if (I != SeenStartMap.end()) {651        BetweenStartEnd |= I->second;652      }653    }654 655    // Walk the instructions in the block to look for start/end ops.656    for (MachineInstr &MI : *MBB) {657      if (MI.isDebugInstr())658        continue;659      if (MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START ||660          MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END) {661        int Slot = getStartOrEndSlot(MI);662        if (Slot < 0)663          continue;664        InterestingSlots.set(Slot);665        if (MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START) {666          BetweenStartEnd.set(Slot);667          NumStartLifetimes[Slot] += 1;668        } else {669          BetweenStartEnd.reset(Slot);670          NumEndLifetimes[Slot] += 1;671        }672        const AllocaInst *Allocation = MFI->getObjectAllocation(Slot);673        if (Allocation) {674          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found a lifetime ");675          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << (MI.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START676                                    ? "start"677                                    : "end"));678          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " marker for slot #" << Slot);679          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()680                     << " with allocation: " << Allocation->getName() << "\n");681        }682        Markers.push_back(&MI);683        MarkersFound += 1;684      } else {685        for (const MachineOperand &MO : MI.operands()) {686          if (!MO.isFI())687            continue;688          int Slot = MO.getIndex();689          if (Slot < 0)690            continue;691          if (! BetweenStartEnd.test(Slot)) {692            ConservativeSlots.set(Slot);693          }694        }695      }696    }697    BitVector &SeenStart = SeenStartMap[MBB];698    SeenStart |= BetweenStartEnd;699  }700  if (!MarkersFound) {701    return 0;702  }703 704  // PR27903: slots with multiple start or end lifetime ops are not705  // safe to enable for "lifetime-start-on-first-use".706  for (unsigned slot = 0; slot < NumSlot; ++slot) {707    if (NumStartLifetimes[slot] > 1 || NumEndLifetimes[slot] > 1)708      ConservativeSlots.set(slot);709  }710 711  // The write to the catch object by the personality function is not propely712  // modeled in IR: It happens before any cleanuppads are executed, even if the713  // first mention of the catch object is in a catchpad. As such, mark catch714  // object slots as conservative, so they are excluded from first-use analysis.715  if (WinEHFuncInfo *EHInfo = MF->getWinEHFuncInfo())716    for (WinEHTryBlockMapEntry &TBME : EHInfo->TryBlockMap)717      for (WinEHHandlerType &H : TBME.HandlerArray)718        if (H.CatchObj.FrameIndex != std::numeric_limits<int>::max() &&719            H.CatchObj.FrameIndex >= 0)720          ConservativeSlots.set(H.CatchObj.FrameIndex);721 722  LLVM_DEBUG(dumpBV("Conservative slots", ConservativeSlots));723 724  // Step 2: compute begin/end sets for each block725 726  // NOTE: We use a depth-first iteration to ensure that we obtain a727  // deterministic numbering.728  for (MachineBasicBlock *MBB : depth_first(MF)) {729    // Assign a serial number to this basic block.730    BasicBlocks[MBB] = BasicBlockNumbering.size();731    BasicBlockNumbering.push_back(MBB);732 733    // Keep a reference to avoid repeated lookups.734    BlockLifetimeInfo &BlockInfo = BlockLiveness[MBB];735 736    BlockInfo.Begin.resize(NumSlot);737    BlockInfo.End.resize(NumSlot);738 739    SmallVector<int, 4> slots;740    for (MachineInstr &MI : *MBB) {741      bool isStart = false;742      slots.clear();743      if (isLifetimeStartOrEnd(MI, slots, isStart)) {744        if (!isStart) {745          assert(slots.size() == 1 && "unexpected: MI ends multiple slots");746          int Slot = slots[0];747          if (BlockInfo.Begin.test(Slot)) {748            BlockInfo.Begin.reset(Slot);749          }750          BlockInfo.End.set(Slot);751        } else {752          for (auto Slot : slots) {753            LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found a use of slot #" << Slot);754            LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()755                       << " at " << printMBBReference(*MBB) << " index ");756            LLVM_DEBUG(Indexes->getInstructionIndex(MI).print(dbgs()));757            const AllocaInst *Allocation = MFI->getObjectAllocation(Slot);758            if (Allocation) {759              LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()760                         << " with allocation: " << Allocation->getName());761            }762            LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n");763            if (BlockInfo.End.test(Slot)) {764              BlockInfo.End.reset(Slot);765            }766            BlockInfo.Begin.set(Slot);767          }768        }769      }770    }771  }772 773  // Update statistics.774  NumMarkerSeen += MarkersFound;775  return MarkersFound;776}777 778void StackColoring::calculateLocalLiveness() {779  unsigned NumIters = 0;780  bool changed = true;781  // Create BitVector outside the loop and reuse them to avoid repeated heap782  // allocations.783  BitVector LocalLiveIn;784  BitVector LocalLiveOut;785  while (changed) {786    changed = false;787    ++NumIters;788 789    for (const MachineBasicBlock *BB : BasicBlockNumbering) {790      // Use an iterator to avoid repeated lookups.791      LivenessMap::iterator BI = BlockLiveness.find(BB);792      assert(BI != BlockLiveness.end() && "Block not found");793      BlockLifetimeInfo &BlockInfo = BI->second;794 795      // Compute LiveIn by unioning together the LiveOut sets of all preds.796      LocalLiveIn.clear();797      for (MachineBasicBlock *Pred : BB->predecessors()) {798        LivenessMap::const_iterator I = BlockLiveness.find(Pred);799        // PR37130: transformations prior to stack coloring can800        // sometimes leave behind statically unreachable blocks; these801        // can be safely skipped here.802        if (I != BlockLiveness.end())803          LocalLiveIn |= I->second.LiveOut;804      }805 806      // Compute LiveOut by subtracting out lifetimes that end in this807      // block, then adding in lifetimes that begin in this block.  If808      // we have both BEGIN and END markers in the same basic block809      // then we know that the BEGIN marker comes after the END,810      // because we already handle the case where the BEGIN comes811      // before the END when collecting the markers (and building the812      // BEGIN/END vectors).813      LocalLiveOut = LocalLiveIn;814      LocalLiveOut.reset(BlockInfo.End);815      LocalLiveOut |= BlockInfo.Begin;816 817      // Update block LiveIn set, noting whether it has changed.818      if (LocalLiveIn.test(BlockInfo.LiveIn)) {819        changed = true;820        BlockInfo.LiveIn |= LocalLiveIn;821      }822 823      // Update block LiveOut set, noting whether it has changed.824      if (LocalLiveOut.test(BlockInfo.LiveOut)) {825        changed = true;826        BlockInfo.LiveOut |= LocalLiveOut;827      }828    }829  } // while changed.830 831  NumIterations = NumIters;832}833 834void StackColoring::calculateLiveIntervals(unsigned NumSlots) {835  SmallVector<SlotIndex, 16> Starts;836  SmallVector<bool, 16> DefinitelyInUse;837 838  // For each block, find which slots are active within this block839  // and update the live intervals.840  for (const MachineBasicBlock &MBB : *MF) {841    Starts.clear();842    Starts.resize(NumSlots);843    DefinitelyInUse.clear();844    DefinitelyInUse.resize(NumSlots);845 846    // Start the interval of the slots that we previously found to be 'in-use'.847    BlockLifetimeInfo &MBBLiveness = BlockLiveness[&MBB];848    for (int pos = MBBLiveness.LiveIn.find_first(); pos != -1;849         pos = MBBLiveness.LiveIn.find_next(pos)) {850      Starts[pos] = Indexes->getMBBStartIdx(&MBB);851    }852 853    // Create the interval for the basic blocks containing lifetime begin/end.854    for (const MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {855      SmallVector<int, 4> slots;856      bool IsStart = false;857      if (!isLifetimeStartOrEnd(MI, slots, IsStart))858        continue;859      SlotIndex ThisIndex = Indexes->getInstructionIndex(MI);860      for (auto Slot : slots) {861        if (IsStart) {862          // If a slot is already definitely in use, we don't have to emit863          // a new start marker because there is already a pre-existing864          // one.865          if (!DefinitelyInUse[Slot]) {866            LiveStarts[Slot].push_back(ThisIndex);867            DefinitelyInUse[Slot] = true;868          }869          if (!Starts[Slot].isValid())870            Starts[Slot] = ThisIndex;871        } else {872          if (Starts[Slot].isValid()) {873            VNInfo *VNI = Intervals[Slot]->getValNumInfo(0);874            Intervals[Slot]->addSegment(875                LiveInterval::Segment(Starts[Slot], ThisIndex, VNI));876            Starts[Slot] = SlotIndex(); // Invalidate the start index877            DefinitelyInUse[Slot] = false;878          }879        }880      }881    }882 883    // Finish up started segments884    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumSlots; ++i) {885      if (!Starts[i].isValid())886        continue;887 888      SlotIndex EndIdx = Indexes->getMBBEndIdx(&MBB);889      VNInfo *VNI = Intervals[i]->getValNumInfo(0);890      Intervals[i]->addSegment(LiveInterval::Segment(Starts[i], EndIdx, VNI));891    }892  }893}894 895bool StackColoring::removeAllMarkers() {896  unsigned Count = 0;897  for (MachineInstr *MI : Markers) {898    MI->eraseFromParent();899    Count++;900  }901  Markers.clear();902 903  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Removed " << Count << " markers.\n");904  return Count;905}906 907void StackColoring::remapInstructions(DenseMap<int, int> &SlotRemap) {908  unsigned FixedInstr = 0;909  unsigned FixedMemOp = 0;910  unsigned FixedDbg = 0;911 912  // Remap debug information that refers to stack slots.913  for (auto &VI : MF->getVariableDbgInfo()) {914    if (!VI.Var || !VI.inStackSlot())915      continue;916    int Slot = VI.getStackSlot();917    if (auto It = SlotRemap.find(Slot); It != SlotRemap.end()) {918      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Remapping debug info for ["919                        << cast<DILocalVariable>(VI.Var)->getName() << "].\n");920      VI.updateStackSlot(It->second);921      FixedDbg++;922    }923  }924 925  // Keep a list of *allocas* which need to be remapped.926  DenseMap<const AllocaInst*, const AllocaInst*> Allocas;927 928  // Keep a list of allocas which has been affected by the remap.929  SmallPtrSet<const AllocaInst*, 32> MergedAllocas;930 931  for (const std::pair<int, int> &SI : SlotRemap) {932    const AllocaInst *From = MFI->getObjectAllocation(SI.first);933    const AllocaInst *To = MFI->getObjectAllocation(SI.second);934    assert(To && From && "Invalid allocation object");935    Allocas[From] = To;936 937    // If From is before wo, its possible that there is a use of From between938    // them.939    if (From->comesBefore(To))940      const_cast<AllocaInst *>(To)->moveBefore(941          const_cast<AllocaInst *>(From)->getIterator());942 943    // AA might be used later for instruction scheduling, and we need it to be944    // able to deduce the correct aliasing releationships between pointers945    // derived from the alloca being remapped and the target of that remapping.946    // The only safe way, without directly informing AA about the remapping947    // somehow, is to directly update the IR to reflect the change being made948    // here.949    Instruction *Inst = const_cast<AllocaInst *>(To);950    if (From->getType() != To->getType()) {951      BitCastInst *Cast = new BitCastInst(Inst, From->getType());952      Cast->insertAfter(Inst->getIterator());953      Inst = Cast;954    }955 956    // We keep both slots to maintain AliasAnalysis metadata later.957    MergedAllocas.insert(From);958    MergedAllocas.insert(To);959 960    // Transfer the stack protector layout tag, but make sure that SSPLK_AddrOf961    // does not overwrite SSPLK_SmallArray or SSPLK_LargeArray, and make sure962    // that SSPLK_SmallArray does not overwrite SSPLK_LargeArray.963    MachineFrameInfo::SSPLayoutKind FromKind964        = MFI->getObjectSSPLayout(SI.first);965    MachineFrameInfo::SSPLayoutKind ToKind = MFI->getObjectSSPLayout(SI.second);966    if (FromKind != MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_None &&967        (ToKind == MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_None ||968         (ToKind != MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_LargeArray &&969          FromKind != MachineFrameInfo::SSPLK_AddrOf)))970      MFI->setObjectSSPLayout(SI.second, FromKind);971 972    // The new alloca might not be valid in a llvm.dbg.declare for this973    // variable, so poison out the use to make the verifier happy.974    AllocaInst *FromAI = const_cast<AllocaInst *>(From);975    if (FromAI->isUsedByMetadata())976      ValueAsMetadata::handleRAUW(FromAI, PoisonValue::get(FromAI->getType()));977    for (auto &Use : FromAI->uses()) {978      if (BitCastInst *BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Use.get()))979        if (BCI->isUsedByMetadata())980          ValueAsMetadata::handleRAUW(BCI, PoisonValue::get(BCI->getType()));981    }982 983    // Note that this will not replace uses in MMOs (which we'll update below),984    // or anywhere else (which is why we won't delete the original985    // instruction).986    FromAI->replaceAllUsesWith(Inst);987  }988 989  // Remap all instructions to the new stack slots.990  std::vector<std::vector<MachineMemOperand *>> SSRefs(991      MFI->getObjectIndexEnd());992  for (MachineBasicBlock &BB : *MF)993    for (MachineInstr &I : BB) {994      // Skip lifetime markers. We'll remove them soon.995      if (I.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START ||996          I.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END)997        continue;998 999      // Update the MachineMemOperand to use the new alloca.1000      for (MachineMemOperand *MMO : I.memoperands()) {1001        // We've replaced IR-level uses of the remapped allocas, so we only1002        // need to replace direct uses here.1003        const AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast_or_null<AllocaInst>(MMO->getValue());1004        if (!AI)1005          continue;1006 1007        auto It = Allocas.find(AI);1008        if (It == Allocas.end())1009          continue;1010 1011        MMO->setValue(It->second);1012        FixedMemOp++;1013      }1014 1015      // Update all of the machine instruction operands.1016      for (MachineOperand &MO : I.operands()) {1017        if (!MO.isFI())1018          continue;1019        int FromSlot = MO.getIndex();1020 1021        // Don't touch arguments.1022        if (FromSlot<0)1023          continue;1024 1025        // Only look at mapped slots.1026        if (!SlotRemap.count(FromSlot))1027          continue;1028 1029        // In a debug build, check that the instruction that we are modifying is1030        // inside the expected live range. If the instruction is not inside1031        // the calculated range then it means that the alloca usage moved1032        // outside of the lifetime markers, or that the user has a bug.1033        // NOTE: Alloca address calculations which happen outside the lifetime1034        // zone are okay, despite the fact that we don't have a good way1035        // for validating all of the usages of the calculation.1036#ifndef NDEBUG1037        bool TouchesMemory = I.mayLoadOrStore();1038        // If we *don't* protect the user from escaped allocas, don't bother1039        // validating the instructions.1040        if (!I.isDebugInstr() && TouchesMemory && ProtectFromEscapedAllocas) {1041          SlotIndex Index = Indexes->getInstructionIndex(I);1042          const LiveInterval *Interval = &*Intervals[FromSlot];1043          assert(Interval->find(Index) != Interval->end() &&1044                 "Found instruction usage outside of live range.");1045        }1046#endif1047 1048        // Fix the machine instructions.1049        int ToSlot = SlotRemap[FromSlot];1050        MO.setIndex(ToSlot);1051        FixedInstr++;1052      }1053 1054      // We adjust AliasAnalysis information for merged stack slots.1055      SmallVector<MachineMemOperand *, 2> NewMMOs;1056      bool ReplaceMemOps = false;1057      for (MachineMemOperand *MMO : I.memoperands()) {1058        // Collect MachineMemOperands which reference1059        // FixedStackPseudoSourceValues with old frame indices.1060        if (const auto *FSV = dyn_cast_or_null<FixedStackPseudoSourceValue>(1061                MMO->getPseudoValue())) {1062          int FI = FSV->getFrameIndex();1063          auto To = SlotRemap.find(FI);1064          if (To != SlotRemap.end())1065            SSRefs[FI].push_back(MMO);1066        }1067 1068        // If this memory location can be a slot remapped here,1069        // we remove AA information.1070        bool MayHaveConflictingAAMD = false;1071        if (MMO->getAAInfo()) {1072          if (const Value *MMOV = MMO->getValue()) {1073            SmallVector<Value *, 4> Objs;1074            getUnderlyingObjectsForCodeGen(MMOV, Objs);1075 1076            if (Objs.empty())1077              MayHaveConflictingAAMD = true;1078            else1079              for (Value *V : Objs) {1080                // If this memory location comes from a known stack slot1081                // that is not remapped, we continue checking.1082                // Otherwise, we need to invalidate AA infomation.1083                const AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast_or_null<AllocaInst>(V);1084                if (AI && MergedAllocas.count(AI)) {1085                  MayHaveConflictingAAMD = true;1086                  break;1087                }1088              }1089          }1090        }1091        if (MayHaveConflictingAAMD) {1092          NewMMOs.push_back(MF->getMachineMemOperand(MMO, AAMDNodes()));1093          ReplaceMemOps = true;1094        } else {1095          NewMMOs.push_back(MMO);1096        }1097      }1098 1099      // If any memory operand is updated, set memory references of1100      // this instruction.1101      if (ReplaceMemOps)1102        I.setMemRefs(*MF, NewMMOs);1103    }1104 1105  // Rewrite MachineMemOperands that reference old frame indices.1106  for (auto E : enumerate(SSRefs))1107    if (!E.value().empty()) {1108      const PseudoSourceValue *NewSV =1109          MF->getPSVManager().getFixedStack(SlotRemap.find(E.index())->second);1110      for (MachineMemOperand *Ref : E.value())1111        Ref->setValue(NewSV);1112    }1113 1114  // Update the location of C++ catch objects for the MSVC personality routine.1115  if (WinEHFuncInfo *EHInfo = MF->getWinEHFuncInfo())1116    for (WinEHTryBlockMapEntry &TBME : EHInfo->TryBlockMap)1117      for (WinEHHandlerType &H : TBME.HandlerArray)1118        if (H.CatchObj.FrameIndex != std::numeric_limits<int>::max())1119          if (auto It = SlotRemap.find(H.CatchObj.FrameIndex);1120              It != SlotRemap.end())1121            H.CatchObj.FrameIndex = It->second;1122 1123  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Fixed " << FixedMemOp << " machine memory operands.\n");1124  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Fixed " << FixedDbg << " debug locations.\n");1125  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Fixed " << FixedInstr << " machine instructions.\n");1126  (void) FixedMemOp;1127  (void) FixedDbg;1128  (void) FixedInstr;1129}1130 1131void StackColoring::removeInvalidSlotRanges() {1132  for (MachineBasicBlock &BB : *MF)1133    for (MachineInstr &I : BB) {1134      if (I.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_START ||1135          I.getOpcode() == TargetOpcode::LIFETIME_END || I.isDebugInstr())1136        continue;1137 1138      // Some intervals are suspicious! In some cases we find address1139      // calculations outside of the lifetime zone, but not actual memory1140      // read or write. Memory accesses outside of the lifetime zone are a clear1141      // violation, but address calculations are okay. This can happen when1142      // GEPs are hoisted outside of the lifetime zone.1143      // So, in here we only check instructions which can read or write memory.1144      if (!I.mayLoad() && !I.mayStore())1145        continue;1146 1147      // Check all of the machine operands.1148      for (const MachineOperand &MO : I.operands()) {1149        if (!MO.isFI())1150          continue;1151 1152        int Slot = MO.getIndex();1153 1154        if (Slot<0)1155          continue;1156 1157        if (Intervals[Slot]->empty())1158          continue;1159 1160        // Check that the used slot is inside the calculated lifetime range.1161        // If it is not, warn about it and invalidate the range.1162        LiveInterval *Interval = &*Intervals[Slot];1163        SlotIndex Index = Indexes->getInstructionIndex(I);1164        if (Interval->find(Index) == Interval->end()) {1165          Interval->clear();1166          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Invalidating range #" << Slot << "\n");1167          EscapedAllocas++;1168        }1169      }1170    }1171}1172 1173void StackColoring::expungeSlotMap(DenseMap<int, int> &SlotRemap,1174                                   unsigned NumSlots) {1175  // Expunge slot remap map.1176  for (unsigned i=0; i < NumSlots; ++i) {1177    // If we are remapping i1178    if (auto It = SlotRemap.find(i); It != SlotRemap.end()) {1179      int Target = It->second;1180      // As long as our target is mapped to something else, follow it.1181      while (true) {1182        auto It = SlotRemap.find(Target);1183        if (It == SlotRemap.end())1184          break;1185        Target = It->second;1186        SlotRemap[i] = Target;1187      }1188    }1189  }1190}1191 1192bool StackColoringLegacy::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {1193  if (skipFunction(MF.getFunction()))1194    return false;1195 1196  StackColoring SC(&getAnalysis<SlotIndexesWrapperPass>().getSI());1197  return SC.run(MF);1198}1199 1200PreservedAnalyses StackColoringPass::run(MachineFunction &MF,1201                                         MachineFunctionAnalysisManager &MFAM) {1202  StackColoring SC(&MFAM.getResult<SlotIndexesAnalysis>(MF));1203  if (SC.run(MF))1204    return getMachineFunctionPassPreservedAnalyses();1205  return PreservedAnalyses::all();1206}1207 1208bool StackColoring::run(MachineFunction &Func) {1209  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "********** Stack Coloring **********\n"1210                    << "********** Function: " << Func.getName() << '\n');1211  MF = &Func;1212  MFI = &MF->getFrameInfo();1213  BlockLiveness.clear();1214  BasicBlocks.clear();1215  BasicBlockNumbering.clear();1216  Markers.clear();1217  Intervals.clear();1218  LiveStarts.clear();1219  VNInfoAllocator.Reset();1220 1221  unsigned NumSlots = MFI->getObjectIndexEnd();1222 1223  // If there are no stack slots then there are no markers to remove.1224  if (!NumSlots)1225    return false;1226 1227  SmallVector<int, 8> SortedSlots;1228  SortedSlots.reserve(NumSlots);1229  Intervals.reserve(NumSlots);1230  LiveStarts.resize(NumSlots);1231 1232  unsigned NumMarkers = collectMarkers(NumSlots);1233 1234  unsigned TotalSize = 0;1235  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found " << NumMarkers << " markers and " << NumSlots1236                    << " slots\n");1237  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Slot structure:\n");1238 1239  for (int i=0; i < MFI->getObjectIndexEnd(); ++i) {1240    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Slot #" << i << " - " << MFI->getObjectSize(i)1241                      << " bytes.\n");1242    TotalSize += MFI->getObjectSize(i);1243  }1244 1245  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Total Stack size: " << TotalSize << " bytes\n\n");1246 1247  // Don't continue because there are not enough lifetime markers, or the1248  // stack is too small, or we are told not to optimize the slots.1249  if (NumMarkers < 2 || TotalSize < 16 || DisableColoring) {1250    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Will not try to merge slots.\n");1251    return removeAllMarkers();1252  }1253 1254  for (unsigned i=0; i < NumSlots; ++i) {1255    std::unique_ptr<LiveInterval> LI(new LiveInterval(i, 0));1256    LI->getNextValue(Indexes->getZeroIndex(), VNInfoAllocator);1257    Intervals.push_back(std::move(LI));1258    SortedSlots.push_back(i);1259  }1260 1261  // Calculate the liveness of each block.1262  calculateLocalLiveness();1263  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Dataflow iterations: " << NumIterations << "\n");1264  LLVM_DEBUG(dump());1265 1266  // Propagate the liveness information.1267  calculateLiveIntervals(NumSlots);1268  LLVM_DEBUG(dumpIntervals());1269 1270  // Search for allocas which are used outside of the declared lifetime1271  // markers.1272  if (ProtectFromEscapedAllocas)1273    removeInvalidSlotRanges();1274 1275  // Maps old slots to new slots.1276  DenseMap<int, int> SlotRemap;1277  unsigned RemovedSlots = 0;1278  unsigned ReducedSize = 0;1279 1280  // Do not bother looking at empty intervals.1281  for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumSlots; ++I) {1282    if (Intervals[SortedSlots[I]]->empty())1283      SortedSlots[I] = -1;1284  }1285 1286  // This is a simple greedy algorithm for merging allocas. First, sort the1287  // slots, placing the largest slots first. Next, perform an n^2 scan and look1288  // for disjoint slots. When you find disjoint slots, merge the smaller one1289  // into the bigger one and update the live interval. Remove the small alloca1290  // and continue.1291 1292  // Sort the slots according to their size. Place unused slots at the end.1293  // Use stable sort to guarantee deterministic code generation.1294  llvm::stable_sort(SortedSlots, [this](int LHS, int RHS) {1295    // We use -1 to denote a uninteresting slot. Place these slots at the end.1296    if (LHS == -1)1297      return false;1298    if (RHS == -1)1299      return true;1300    // Sort according to size.1301    return MFI->getObjectSize(LHS) > MFI->getObjectSize(RHS);1302  });1303 1304  for (auto &s : LiveStarts)1305    llvm::sort(s);1306 1307  bool Changed = true;1308  while (Changed) {1309    Changed = false;1310    for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumSlots; ++I) {1311      if (SortedSlots[I] == -1)1312        continue;1313 1314      for (unsigned J=I+1; J < NumSlots; ++J) {1315        if (SortedSlots[J] == -1)1316          continue;1317 1318        int FirstSlot = SortedSlots[I];1319        int SecondSlot = SortedSlots[J];1320 1321        // Objects with different stack IDs cannot be merged.1322        if (MFI->getStackID(FirstSlot) != MFI->getStackID(SecondSlot))1323          continue;1324 1325        LiveInterval *First = &*Intervals[FirstSlot];1326        LiveInterval *Second = &*Intervals[SecondSlot];1327        auto &FirstS = LiveStarts[FirstSlot];1328        auto &SecondS = LiveStarts[SecondSlot];1329        assert(!First->empty() && !Second->empty() && "Found an empty range");1330 1331        // Merge disjoint slots. This is a little bit tricky - see the1332        // Implementation Notes section for an explanation.1333        if (!First->isLiveAtIndexes(SecondS) &&1334            !Second->isLiveAtIndexes(FirstS)) {1335          Changed = true;1336          First->MergeSegmentsInAsValue(*Second, First->getValNumInfo(0));1337 1338          int OldSize = FirstS.size();1339          FirstS.append(SecondS.begin(), SecondS.end());1340          auto Mid = FirstS.begin() + OldSize;1341          std::inplace_merge(FirstS.begin(), Mid, FirstS.end());1342 1343          SlotRemap[SecondSlot] = FirstSlot;1344          SortedSlots[J] = -1;1345          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Merging #" << FirstSlot << " and slots #"1346                            << SecondSlot << " together.\n");1347          Align MaxAlignment = std::max(MFI->getObjectAlign(FirstSlot),1348                                        MFI->getObjectAlign(SecondSlot));1349 1350          assert(MFI->getObjectSize(FirstSlot) >=1351                 MFI->getObjectSize(SecondSlot) &&1352                 "Merging a small object into a larger one");1353 1354          RemovedSlots+=1;1355          ReducedSize += MFI->getObjectSize(SecondSlot);1356          MFI->setObjectAlignment(FirstSlot, MaxAlignment);1357          MFI->RemoveStackObject(SecondSlot);1358        }1359      }1360    }1361  }// While changed.1362 1363  // Record statistics.1364  StackSpaceSaved += ReducedSize;1365  StackSlotMerged += RemovedSlots;1366  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Merge " << RemovedSlots << " slots. Saved "1367                    << ReducedSize << " bytes\n");1368 1369  // Scan the entire function and update all machine operands that use frame1370  // indices to use the remapped frame index.1371  if (!SlotRemap.empty()) {1372    expungeSlotMap(SlotRemap, NumSlots);1373    remapInstructions(SlotRemap);1374  }1375 1376  return removeAllMarkers();1377}1378