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1//===- ScheduleOptimizer.cpp - Calculate an optimized schedule ------------===//2//3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception6//7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//8//9// This pass generates an entirely new schedule tree from the data dependences10// and iteration domains. The new schedule tree is computed in two steps:11//12// 1) The isl scheduling optimizer is run13//14// The isl scheduling optimizer creates a new schedule tree that maximizes15// parallelism and tileability and minimizes data-dependence distances. The16// algorithm used is a modified version of the ``Pluto'' algorithm:17//18//   U. Bondhugula, A. Hartono, J. Ramanujam, and P. Sadayappan.19//   A Practical Automatic Polyhedral Parallelizer and Locality Optimizer.20//   In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN Conference On Programming Language21//   Design and Implementation, PLDI ’08, pages 101–113. ACM, 2008.22//23// 2) A set of post-scheduling transformations is applied on the schedule tree.24//25// These optimizations include:26//27//  - Tiling of the innermost tilable bands28//  - Prevectorization - The choice of a possible outer loop that is strip-mined29//                       to the innermost level to enable inner-loop30//                       vectorization.31//  - Some optimizations for spatial locality are also planned.32//33// For a detailed description of the schedule tree itself please see section 634// of:35//36// Polyhedral AST generation is more than scanning polyhedra37// Tobias Grosser, Sven Verdoolaege, Albert Cohen38// ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS),39// 37(4), July 201540// http://www.grosser.es/#pub-polyhedral-AST-generation41//42// This publication also contains a detailed discussion of the different options43// for polyhedral loop unrolling, full/partial tile separation and other uses44// of the schedule tree.45//46//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//47 48#include "polly/ScheduleOptimizer.h"49#include "polly/CodeGen/CodeGeneration.h"50#include "polly/DependenceInfo.h"51#include "polly/ManualOptimizer.h"52#include "polly/MatmulOptimizer.h"53#include "polly/Options.h"54#include "polly/ScheduleTreeTransform.h"55#include "polly/ScopInfo.h"56#include "polly/Support/ISLOStream.h"57#include "polly/Support/ISLTools.h"58#include "llvm/ADT/Sequence.h"59#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"60#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"61#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"62#include "isl/options.h"63 64using namespace llvm;65using namespace polly;66 67namespace llvm {68class Loop;69class Module;70} // namespace llvm71 72#include "polly/Support/PollyDebug.h"73#define DEBUG_TYPE "polly-opt-isl"74 75static cl::opt<std::string>76    OptimizeDeps("polly-opt-optimize-only",77                 cl::desc("Only a certain kind of dependences (all/raw)"),78                 cl::Hidden, cl::init("all"), cl::cat(PollyCategory));79 80static cl::opt<std::string>81    SimplifyDeps("polly-opt-simplify-deps",82                 cl::desc("Dependences should be simplified (yes/no)"),83                 cl::Hidden, cl::init("yes"), cl::cat(PollyCategory));84 85static cl::opt<int> MaxConstantTerm(86    "polly-opt-max-constant-term",87    cl::desc("The maximal constant term allowed (-1 is unlimited)"), cl::Hidden,88    cl::init(20), cl::cat(PollyCategory));89 90static cl::opt<int> MaxCoefficient(91    "polly-opt-max-coefficient",92    cl::desc("The maximal coefficient allowed (-1 is unlimited)"), cl::Hidden,93    cl::init(20), cl::cat(PollyCategory));94 95static cl::opt<std::string>96    MaximizeBandDepth("polly-opt-maximize-bands",97                      cl::desc("Maximize the band depth (yes/no)"), cl::Hidden,98                      cl::init("yes"), cl::cat(PollyCategory));99 100static cl::opt<int>101    ScheduleComputeOut("polly-schedule-computeout",102                       cl::desc("Bound the scheduler by maximal amount"103                                "of computational steps. "),104                       cl::Hidden, cl::init(300000), cl::ZeroOrMore,105                       cl::cat(PollyCategory));106 107static cl::opt<bool>108    GreedyFusion("polly-loopfusion-greedy",109                 cl::desc("Aggressively try to fuse everything"), cl::Hidden,110                 cl::cat(PollyCategory));111 112static cl::opt<std::string> OuterCoincidence(113    "polly-opt-outer-coincidence",114    cl::desc("Try to construct schedules where the outer member of each band "115             "satisfies the coincidence constraints (yes/no)"),116    cl::Hidden, cl::init("no"), cl::cat(PollyCategory));117 118static cl::opt<int> PrevectorWidth(119    "polly-prevect-width",120    cl::desc(121        "The number of loop iterations to strip-mine for pre-vectorization"),122    cl::Hidden, cl::init(4), cl::cat(PollyCategory));123 124static cl::opt<bool> FirstLevelTiling("polly-tiling",125                                      cl::desc("Enable loop tiling"),126                                      cl::init(true), cl::cat(PollyCategory));127 128static cl::opt<int> FirstLevelDefaultTileSize(129    "polly-default-tile-size",130    cl::desc("The default tile size (if not enough were provided by"131             " --polly-tile-sizes)"),132    cl::Hidden, cl::init(32), cl::cat(PollyCategory));133 134static cl::list<int>135    FirstLevelTileSizes("polly-tile-sizes",136                        cl::desc("A tile size for each loop dimension, filled "137                                 "with --polly-default-tile-size"),138                        cl::Hidden, cl::CommaSeparated, cl::cat(PollyCategory));139 140static cl::opt<bool>141    SecondLevelTiling("polly-2nd-level-tiling",142                      cl::desc("Enable a 2nd level loop of loop tiling"),143                      cl::cat(PollyCategory));144 145static cl::opt<int> SecondLevelDefaultTileSize(146    "polly-2nd-level-default-tile-size",147    cl::desc("The default 2nd-level tile size (if not enough were provided by"148             " --polly-2nd-level-tile-sizes)"),149    cl::Hidden, cl::init(16), cl::cat(PollyCategory));150 151static cl::list<int>152    SecondLevelTileSizes("polly-2nd-level-tile-sizes",153                         cl::desc("A tile size for each loop dimension, filled "154                                  "with --polly-default-tile-size"),155                         cl::Hidden, cl::CommaSeparated,156                         cl::cat(PollyCategory));157 158static cl::opt<bool> RegisterTiling("polly-register-tiling",159                                    cl::desc("Enable register tiling"),160                                    cl::cat(PollyCategory));161 162static cl::opt<int> RegisterDefaultTileSize(163    "polly-register-tiling-default-tile-size",164    cl::desc("The default register tile size (if not enough were provided by"165             " --polly-register-tile-sizes)"),166    cl::Hidden, cl::init(2), cl::cat(PollyCategory));167 168static cl::list<int>169    RegisterTileSizes("polly-register-tile-sizes",170                      cl::desc("A tile size for each loop dimension, filled "171                               "with --polly-register-tile-size"),172                      cl::Hidden, cl::CommaSeparated, cl::cat(PollyCategory));173 174static cl::opt<bool> PragmaBasedOpts(175    "polly-pragma-based-opts",176    cl::desc("Apply user-directed transformation from metadata"),177    cl::init(true), cl::cat(PollyCategory));178 179static cl::opt<bool> EnableReschedule("polly-reschedule",180                                      cl::desc("Optimize SCoPs using ISL"),181                                      cl::init(true), cl::cat(PollyCategory));182 183static cl::opt<bool>184    PMBasedOpts("polly-pattern-matching-based-opts",185                cl::desc("Perform optimizations based on pattern matching"),186                cl::init(true), cl::cat(PollyCategory));187 188static cl::opt<bool>189    EnablePostopts("polly-postopts",190                   cl::desc("Apply post-rescheduling optimizations such as "191                            "tiling (requires -polly-reschedule)"),192                   cl::init(true), cl::cat(PollyCategory));193 194static cl::opt<bool> OptimizedScops(195    "polly-optimized-scops",196    cl::desc("Polly - Dump polyhedral description of Scops optimized with "197             "the isl scheduling optimizer and the set of post-scheduling "198             "transformations is applied on the schedule tree"),199    cl::cat(PollyCategory));200 201static cl::opt<bool> PollyPrintOptIsl("polly-print-opt-isl",202                                      cl::desc("A polly pass"),203                                      cl::cat(PollyCategory));204 205STATISTIC(ScopsProcessed, "Number of scops processed");206STATISTIC(ScopsRescheduled, "Number of scops rescheduled");207STATISTIC(ScopsOptimized, "Number of scops optimized");208 209STATISTIC(NumAffineLoopsOptimized, "Number of affine loops optimized");210STATISTIC(NumBoxedLoopsOptimized, "Number of boxed loops optimized");211 212#define THREE_STATISTICS(VARNAME, DESC)                                        \213  static Statistic VARNAME[3] = {                                              \214      {DEBUG_TYPE, #VARNAME "0", DESC " (original)"},                          \215      {DEBUG_TYPE, #VARNAME "1", DESC " (after scheduler)"},                   \216      {DEBUG_TYPE, #VARNAME "2", DESC " (after optimizer)"}}217 218THREE_STATISTICS(NumBands, "Number of bands");219THREE_STATISTICS(NumBandMembers, "Number of band members");220THREE_STATISTICS(NumCoincident, "Number of coincident band members");221THREE_STATISTICS(NumPermutable, "Number of permutable bands");222THREE_STATISTICS(NumFilters, "Number of filter nodes");223THREE_STATISTICS(NumExtension, "Number of extension nodes");224 225STATISTIC(FirstLevelTileOpts, "Number of first level tiling applied");226STATISTIC(SecondLevelTileOpts, "Number of second level tiling applied");227STATISTIC(RegisterTileOpts, "Number of register tiling applied");228STATISTIC(PrevectOpts, "Number of strip-mining for prevectorization applied");229STATISTIC(MatMulOpts,230          "Number of matrix multiplication patterns detected and optimized");231 232namespace {233/// Additional parameters of the schedule optimizer.234///235/// Target Transform Info and the SCoP dependencies used by the schedule236/// optimizer.237struct OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy {238  const llvm::TargetTransformInfo *TTI;239  const Dependences *D;240  bool PatternOpts;241  bool Postopts;242  bool Prevect;243  bool &DepsChanged;244  IslMaxOperationsGuard &MaxOpGuard;245};246 247class ScheduleTreeOptimizer final {248public:249  /// Apply schedule tree transformations.250  ///251  /// This function takes an (possibly already optimized) schedule tree and252  /// applies a set of additional optimizations on the schedule tree. The253  /// transformations applied include:254  ///255  ///   - Pattern-based optimizations256  ///   - Tiling257  ///   - Prevectorization258  ///259  /// @param Schedule The schedule object the transformations will be applied260  ///                 to.261  /// @param OAI      Target Transform Info and the SCoP dependencies.262  /// @returns        The transformed schedule.263  static isl::schedule264  optimizeSchedule(isl::schedule Schedule,265                   const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *OAI = nullptr);266 267  /// Apply schedule tree transformations.268  ///269  /// This function takes a node in an (possibly already optimized) schedule270  /// tree and applies a set of additional optimizations on this schedule tree271  /// node and its descendants. The transformations applied include:272  ///273  ///   - Pattern-based optimizations274  ///   - Tiling275  ///   - Prevectorization276  ///277  /// @param Node The schedule object post-transformations will be applied to.278  /// @param OAI  Target Transform Info and the SCoP dependencies.279  /// @returns    The transformed schedule.280  static isl::schedule_node281  optimizeScheduleNode(isl::schedule_node Node,282                       const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *OAI = nullptr);283 284  /// Decide if the @p NewSchedule is profitable for @p S.285  ///286  /// @param S           The SCoP we optimize.287  /// @param NewSchedule The new schedule we computed.288  ///289  /// @return True, if we believe @p NewSchedule is an improvement for @p S.290  static bool isProfitableSchedule(polly::Scop &S, isl::schedule NewSchedule);291 292  /// Isolate a set of partial tile prefixes.293  ///294  /// This set should ensure that it contains only partial tile prefixes that295  /// have exactly VectorWidth iterations.296  ///297  /// @param Node A schedule node band, which is a parent of a band node,298  ///             that contains a vector loop.299  /// @return Modified isl_schedule_node.300  static isl::schedule_node isolateFullPartialTiles(isl::schedule_node Node,301                                                    int VectorWidth);302 303private:304  /// Check if this node is a band node we want to tile.305  ///306  /// We look for innermost band nodes where individual dimensions are marked as307  /// permutable.308  ///309  /// @param Node The node to check.310  static bool isTileableBandNode(isl::schedule_node Node);311 312  /// Check if this node is a band node we want to transform using pattern313  /// matching.314  ///315  /// We look for innermost band nodes where individual dimensions are marked as316  /// permutable. There is no restriction on the number of individual317  /// dimensions.318  ///319  /// @param Node The node to check.320  static bool isPMOptimizableBandNode(isl::schedule_node Node);321 322  /// Pre-vectorizes one scheduling dimension of a schedule band.323  ///324  /// prevectSchedBand splits out the dimension DimToVectorize, tiles it and325  /// sinks the resulting point loop.326  ///327  /// Example (DimToVectorize=0, VectorWidth=4):328  ///329  /// | Before transformation:330  /// |331  /// | A[i,j] -> [i,j]332  /// |333  /// | for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)334  /// |    for (j = 0; j < 128; j++)335  /// |      A(i,j);336  ///337  /// | After transformation:338  /// |339  /// | for (it = 0; it < 32; it+=1)340  /// |    for (j = 0; j < 128; j++)341  /// |      for (ip = 0; ip <= 3; ip++)342  /// |        A(4 * it + ip,j);343  ///344  /// The goal of this transformation is to create a trivially vectorizable345  /// loop.  This means a parallel loop at the innermost level that has a346  /// constant number of iterations corresponding to the target vector width.347  ///348  /// This transformation creates a loop at the innermost level. The loop has349  /// a constant number of iterations, if the number of loop iterations at350  /// DimToVectorize can be divided by VectorWidth. The default VectorWidth is351  /// currently constant and not yet target specific. This function does not352  /// reason about parallelism.353  static isl::schedule_node prevectSchedBand(isl::schedule_node Node,354                                             unsigned DimToVectorize,355                                             int VectorWidth);356 357  /// Apply additional optimizations on the bands in the schedule tree.358  ///359  /// We are looking for an innermost band node and apply the following360  /// transformations:361  ///362  ///  - Tile the band363  ///      - if the band is tileable364  ///      - if the band has more than one loop dimension365  ///366  ///  - Prevectorize the schedule of the band (or the point loop in case of367  ///    tiling).368  ///      - if vectorization is enabled369  ///370  /// @param Node The schedule node to (possibly) optimize.371  /// @param User A pointer to forward some use information372  ///        (currently unused).373  static isl_schedule_node *optimizeBand(isl_schedule_node *Node, void *User);374 375  /// Apply tiling optimizations on the bands in the schedule tree.376  ///377  /// @param Node The schedule node to (possibly) optimize.378  static isl::schedule_node applyTileBandOpt(isl::schedule_node Node);379 380  /// Apply prevectorization on the bands in the schedule tree.381  ///382  /// @param Node The schedule node to (possibly) prevectorize.383  static isl::schedule_node applyPrevectBandOpt(isl::schedule_node Node);384};385 386isl::schedule_node387ScheduleTreeOptimizer::isolateFullPartialTiles(isl::schedule_node Node,388                                               int VectorWidth) {389  if (Node.is_null())390    return {};391  assert(isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.get()) == isl_schedule_node_band);392  Node = Node.child(0).child(0);393  isl::union_map SchedRelUMap = Node.get_prefix_schedule_relation();394  isl::union_set ScheduleRangeUSet = SchedRelUMap.range();395  isl::set ScheduleRange{ScheduleRangeUSet};396  isl::set IsolateDomain = getPartialTilePrefixes(ScheduleRange, VectorWidth);397  auto AtomicOption = getDimOptions(IsolateDomain.ctx(), "atomic");398  isl::union_set IsolateOption = getIsolateOptions(IsolateDomain, 1);399  Node = Node.parent().parent();400  isl::union_set Options = IsolateOption.unite(AtomicOption);401  if (Node.is_null())402    return {};403  isl::schedule_node_band Result =404      Node.as<isl::schedule_node_band>().set_ast_build_options(Options);405  return Result;406}407 408struct InsertSimdMarkers final : ScheduleNodeRewriter<InsertSimdMarkers> {409  isl::schedule_node visitBand(isl::schedule_node_band Band) {410    isl::schedule_node Node = visitChildren(Band);411 412    // Only add SIMD markers to innermost bands.413    if (!Node.first_child().isa<isl::schedule_node_leaf>())414      return Node;415 416    isl::id LoopMarker = isl::id::alloc(Band.ctx(), "SIMD", nullptr);417    return Band.insert_mark(LoopMarker);418  }419};420 421isl::schedule_node ScheduleTreeOptimizer::prevectSchedBand(422    isl::schedule_node Node, unsigned DimToVectorize, int VectorWidth) {423  if (Node.is_null())424    return {};425  assert(isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.get()) == isl_schedule_node_band);426 427  auto Space = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_get_space(Node.get()));428  if (Space.is_null())429    return {};430  unsigned ScheduleDimensions = unsignedFromIslSize(Space.dim(isl::dim::set));431  assert(DimToVectorize < ScheduleDimensions);432 433  if (DimToVectorize > 0) {434    Node = isl::manage(435        isl_schedule_node_band_split(Node.release(), DimToVectorize));436    Node = Node.child(0);437  }438  if (DimToVectorize < ScheduleDimensions - 1)439    Node = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_split(Node.release(), 1));440  Space = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_get_space(Node.get()));441  auto Sizes = isl::multi_val::zero(Space);442  Sizes = Sizes.set_val(0, isl::val(Node.ctx(), VectorWidth));443  Node =444      isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_tile(Node.release(), Sizes.release()));445  Node = isolateFullPartialTiles(Node, VectorWidth);446  Node = Node.child(0);447  // Make sure the "trivially vectorizable loop" is not unrolled. Otherwise,448  // we will have troubles to match it in the backend.449  Node = Node.as<isl::schedule_node_band>().set_ast_build_options(450      isl::union_set(Node.ctx(), "{ unroll[x]: 1 = 0 }"));451 452  // Sink the inner loop into the smallest possible statements to make them453  // represent a single vector instruction if possible.454  Node = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_sink(Node.release()));455  if (Node.is_null())456    return {};457 458  // Add SIMD markers to those vector statements.459  InsertSimdMarkers SimdMarkerInserter;460  Node = SimdMarkerInserter.visit(Node);461 462  if (!Node.is_null())463    PrevectOpts++;464  return Node.parent();465}466 467static bool isSimpleInnermostBand(const isl::schedule_node &Node) {468  assert(isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.get()) == isl_schedule_node_band);469  assert(isl_schedule_node_n_children(Node.get()) == 1);470 471  auto ChildType = isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.child(0).get());472 473  if (ChildType == isl_schedule_node_leaf)474    return true;475 476  if (ChildType != isl_schedule_node_sequence)477    return false;478 479  auto Sequence = Node.child(0);480 481  for (int c = 0, nc = isl_schedule_node_n_children(Sequence.get()); c < nc;482       ++c) {483    auto Child = Sequence.child(c);484    if (isl_schedule_node_get_type(Child.get()) != isl_schedule_node_filter)485      return false;486    if (isl_schedule_node_get_type(Child.child(0).get()) !=487        isl_schedule_node_leaf)488      return false;489  }490  return true;491}492 493/// Check if this node is a band node, which has only one child.494///495/// @param Node The node to check.496static bool isOneTimeParentBandNode(isl::schedule_node Node) {497  if (isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.get()) != isl_schedule_node_band)498    return false;499 500  if (isl_schedule_node_n_children(Node.get()) != 1)501    return false;502 503  return true;504}505 506bool ScheduleTreeOptimizer::isTileableBandNode(isl::schedule_node Node) {507  if (!isOneTimeParentBandNode(Node))508    return false;509 510  if (!isl_schedule_node_band_get_permutable(Node.get()))511    return false;512 513  auto Space = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_get_space(Node.get()));514 515  if (unsignedFromIslSize(Space.dim(isl::dim::set)) <= 1u)516    return false;517 518  return isSimpleInnermostBand(Node);519}520 521bool ScheduleTreeOptimizer::isPMOptimizableBandNode(isl::schedule_node Node) {522  if (!isOneTimeParentBandNode(Node))523    return false;524 525  return Node.child(0).isa<isl::schedule_node_leaf>();526}527 528__isl_give isl::schedule_node529ScheduleTreeOptimizer::applyTileBandOpt(isl::schedule_node Node) {530  if (FirstLevelTiling) {531    Node = tileNode(Node, "1st level tiling", FirstLevelTileSizes,532                    FirstLevelDefaultTileSize);533    FirstLevelTileOpts++;534  }535 536  if (SecondLevelTiling) {537    Node = tileNode(Node, "2nd level tiling", SecondLevelTileSizes,538                    SecondLevelDefaultTileSize);539    SecondLevelTileOpts++;540  }541 542  if (RegisterTiling) {543    Node =544        applyRegisterTiling(Node, RegisterTileSizes, RegisterDefaultTileSize);545    RegisterTileOpts++;546  }547 548  return Node;549}550 551isl::schedule_node552ScheduleTreeOptimizer::applyPrevectBandOpt(isl::schedule_node Node) {553  auto Space = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_band_get_space(Node.get()));554  if (Space.is_null())555    return {};556  int Dims = unsignedFromIslSize(Space.dim(isl::dim::set));557 558  for (int i = Dims - 1; i >= 0; i--)559    if (Node.as<isl::schedule_node_band>().member_get_coincident(i)) {560      Node = prevectSchedBand(Node, i, PrevectorWidth);561      break;562    }563 564  return Node;565}566 567__isl_give isl_schedule_node *568ScheduleTreeOptimizer::optimizeBand(__isl_take isl_schedule_node *NodeArg,569                                    void *User) {570  const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *OAI =571      static_cast<const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *>(User);572  assert(OAI && "Expecting optimization options");573 574  isl::schedule_node Node = isl::manage(NodeArg);575 576  if (OAI->PatternOpts && isPMOptimizableBandNode(Node)) {577    isl::schedule_node PatternOptimizedSchedule =578        tryOptimizeMatMulPattern(Node, OAI->TTI, OAI->D);579    if (!PatternOptimizedSchedule.is_null()) {580      MatMulOpts++;581      OAI->DepsChanged = true;582      return PatternOptimizedSchedule.release();583    }584  }585 586  if (!isTileableBandNode(Node))587    return Node.release();588 589  if (OAI->Postopts)590    Node = applyTileBandOpt(Node);591 592  if (OAI->Prevect) {593    IslQuotaScope MaxScope = OAI->MaxOpGuard.enter();594 595    // FIXME: Prevectorization requirements are different from those checked by596    // isTileableBandNode.597    Node = applyPrevectBandOpt(Node);598 599    if (OAI->MaxOpGuard.hasQuotaExceeded() || Node.is_null())600      return (isl::schedule_node()).release();601  }602 603  return Node.release();604}605 606isl::schedule607ScheduleTreeOptimizer::optimizeSchedule(isl::schedule Schedule,608                                        const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *OAI) {609  auto Root = Schedule.get_root();610  Root = optimizeScheduleNode(Root, OAI);611  return Root.get_schedule();612}613 614isl::schedule_node ScheduleTreeOptimizer::optimizeScheduleNode(615    isl::schedule_node Node, const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy *OAI) {616  Node = isl::manage(isl_schedule_node_map_descendant_bottom_up(617      Node.release(), optimizeBand,618      const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(OAI))));619  return Node;620}621 622bool ScheduleTreeOptimizer::isProfitableSchedule(Scop &S,623                                                 isl::schedule NewSchedule) {624  // To understand if the schedule has been optimized we check if the schedule625  // has changed at all.626  // TODO: We can improve this by tracking if any necessarily beneficial627  // transformations have been performed. This can e.g. be tiling, loop628  // interchange, or ...) We can track this either at the place where the629  // transformation has been performed or, in case of automatic ILP based630  // optimizations, by comparing (yet to be defined) performance metrics631  // before/after the scheduling optimizer632  // (e.g., #stride-one accesses)633  // FIXME: A schedule tree whose union_map-conversion is identical to the634  // original schedule map may still allow for parallelization, i.e. can still635  // be profitable.636  auto NewScheduleMap = NewSchedule.get_map();637  auto OldSchedule = S.getSchedule();638  assert(!OldSchedule.is_null() &&639         "Only IslScheduleOptimizer can insert extension nodes "640         "that make Scop::getSchedule() return nullptr.");641  bool changed = !OldSchedule.is_equal(NewScheduleMap);642  return changed;643}644 645#ifndef NDEBUG646static void printSchedule(llvm::raw_ostream &OS, const isl::schedule &Schedule,647                          StringRef Desc) {648  isl::ctx Ctx = Schedule.ctx();649  isl_printer *P = isl_printer_to_str(Ctx.get());650  P = isl_printer_set_yaml_style(P, ISL_YAML_STYLE_BLOCK);651  P = isl_printer_print_schedule(P, Schedule.get());652  char *Str = isl_printer_get_str(P);653  OS << Desc << ": \n" << Str << "\n";654  free(Str);655  isl_printer_free(P);656}657#endif658 659/// Collect statistics for the schedule tree.660///661/// @param Schedule The schedule tree to analyze. If not a schedule tree it is662/// ignored.663/// @param Version  The version of the schedule tree that is analyzed.664///                 0 for the original schedule tree before any transformation.665///                 1 for the schedule tree after isl's rescheduling.666///                 2 for the schedule tree after optimizations are applied667///                 (tiling, pattern matching)668static void walkScheduleTreeForStatistics(isl::schedule Schedule, int Version) {669  auto Root = Schedule.get_root();670  if (Root.is_null())671    return;672 673  isl_schedule_node_foreach_descendant_top_down(674      Root.get(),675      [](__isl_keep isl_schedule_node *nodeptr, void *user) -> isl_bool {676        isl::schedule_node Node = isl::manage_copy(nodeptr);677        int Version = *static_cast<int *>(user);678 679        switch (isl_schedule_node_get_type(Node.get())) {680        case isl_schedule_node_band: {681          NumBands[Version]++;682          if (isl_schedule_node_band_get_permutable(Node.get()) ==683              isl_bool_true)684            NumPermutable[Version]++;685 686          int CountMembers = isl_schedule_node_band_n_member(Node.get());687          NumBandMembers[Version] += CountMembers;688          for (int i = 0; i < CountMembers; i += 1) {689            if (Node.as<isl::schedule_node_band>().member_get_coincident(i))690              NumCoincident[Version]++;691          }692          break;693        }694 695        case isl_schedule_node_filter:696          NumFilters[Version]++;697          break;698 699        case isl_schedule_node_extension:700          NumExtension[Version]++;701          break;702 703        default:704          break;705        }706 707        return isl_bool_true;708      },709      &Version);710}711 712static void runIslScheduleOptimizerImpl(713    Scop &S,714    function_ref<const Dependences &(Dependences::AnalysisLevel)> GetDeps,715    TargetTransformInfo *TTI, OptimizationRemarkEmitter *ORE,716    isl::schedule &LastSchedule, bool &DepsChanged) {717  // Skip empty SCoPs but still allow code generation as it will delete the718  // loops present but not needed.719  if (S.getSize() == 0) {720    S.markAsOptimized();721    return;722  }723 724  ScopsProcessed++;725 726  // Schedule without optimizations.727  isl::schedule Schedule = S.getScheduleTree();728  walkScheduleTreeForStatistics(S.getScheduleTree(), 0);729  POLLY_DEBUG(printSchedule(dbgs(), Schedule, "Original schedule tree"));730 731  bool HasUserTransformation = false;732  if (PragmaBasedOpts) {733    isl::schedule ManuallyTransformed = applyManualTransformations(734        &S, Schedule, GetDeps(Dependences::AL_Statement), ORE);735    if (ManuallyTransformed.is_null()) {736      POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Error during manual optimization\n");737      return;738    }739 740    if (ManuallyTransformed.get() != Schedule.get()) {741      // User transformations have precedence over other transformations.742      HasUserTransformation = true;743      Schedule = std::move(ManuallyTransformed);744      POLLY_DEBUG(745          printSchedule(dbgs(), Schedule, "After manual transformations"));746    }747  }748 749  // Only continue if either manual transformations have been applied or we are750  // allowed to apply heuristics.751  // TODO: Detect disabled heuristics and no user-directed transformation752  // metadata earlier in ScopDetection.753  if (!HasUserTransformation && S.hasDisableHeuristicsHint()) {754    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Heuristic optimizations disabled by metadata\n");755    return;756  }757 758  // Get dependency analysis.759  const Dependences &D = GetDeps(Dependences::AL_Statement);760  if (D.getSharedIslCtx() != S.getSharedIslCtx()) {761    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "DependenceInfo for another SCoP/isl_ctx\n");762    return;763  }764  if (!D.hasValidDependences()) {765    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Dependency information not available\n");766    return;767  }768 769  isl_ctx *Ctx = S.getIslCtx().get();770  IslMaxOperationsGuard MaxOpGuard(Ctx, ScheduleComputeOut,771                                   /*AutoEnter=*/false);772 773  // Apply ISL's algorithm only if not overridden by the user. Note that774  // post-rescheduling optimizations (tiling, pattern-based, prevectorization)775  // rely on the coincidence/permutable annotations on schedule tree bands that776  // are added by the rescheduling analyzer. Therefore, disabling the777  // rescheduler implicitly also disables these optimizations.778  if (!EnableReschedule) {779    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Skipping rescheduling due to command line option\n");780  } else if (HasUserTransformation) {781    POLLY_DEBUG(782        dbgs() << "Skipping rescheduling due to manual transformation\n");783  } else {784    // Build input data.785    int ValidityKinds =786        Dependences::TYPE_RAW | Dependences::TYPE_WAR | Dependences::TYPE_WAW;787    int ProximityKinds;788 789    if (OptimizeDeps == "all")790      ProximityKinds =791          Dependences::TYPE_RAW | Dependences::TYPE_WAR | Dependences::TYPE_WAW;792    else if (OptimizeDeps == "raw")793      ProximityKinds = Dependences::TYPE_RAW;794    else {795      errs() << "Do not know how to optimize for '" << OptimizeDeps << "'"796             << " Falling back to optimizing all dependences.\n";797      ProximityKinds =798          Dependences::TYPE_RAW | Dependences::TYPE_WAR | Dependences::TYPE_WAW;799    }800 801    isl::union_set Domain = S.getDomains();802 803    if (Domain.is_null())804      return;805 806    isl::union_map Validity = D.getDependences(ValidityKinds);807    isl::union_map Proximity = D.getDependences(ProximityKinds);808 809    // Simplify the dependences by removing the constraints introduced by the810    // domains. This can speed up the scheduling time significantly, as large811    // constant coefficients will be removed from the dependences. The812    // introduction of some additional dependences reduces the possible813    // transformations, but in most cases, such transformation do not seem to be814    // interesting anyway. In some cases this option may stop the scheduler to815    // find any schedule.816    if (SimplifyDeps == "yes") {817      Validity = Validity.gist_domain(Domain);818      Validity = Validity.gist_range(Domain);819      Proximity = Proximity.gist_domain(Domain);820      Proximity = Proximity.gist_range(Domain);821    } else if (SimplifyDeps != "no") {822      errs()823          << "warning: Option -polly-opt-simplify-deps should either be 'yes' "824             "or 'no'. Falling back to default: 'yes'\n";825    }826 827    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n\nCompute schedule from: ");828    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Domain := " << Domain << ";\n");829    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Proximity := " << Proximity << ";\n");830    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Validity := " << Validity << ";\n");831 832    int IslMaximizeBands;833    if (MaximizeBandDepth == "yes") {834      IslMaximizeBands = 1;835    } else if (MaximizeBandDepth == "no") {836      IslMaximizeBands = 0;837    } else {838      errs()839          << "warning: Option -polly-opt-maximize-bands should either be 'yes'"840             " or 'no'. Falling back to default: 'yes'\n";841      IslMaximizeBands = 1;842    }843 844    int IslOuterCoincidence;845    if (OuterCoincidence == "yes") {846      IslOuterCoincidence = 1;847    } else if (OuterCoincidence == "no") {848      IslOuterCoincidence = 0;849    } else {850      errs() << "warning: Option -polly-opt-outer-coincidence should either be "851                "'yes' or 'no'. Falling back to default: 'no'\n";852      IslOuterCoincidence = 0;853    }854 855    isl_options_set_schedule_outer_coincidence(Ctx, IslOuterCoincidence);856    isl_options_set_schedule_maximize_band_depth(Ctx, IslMaximizeBands);857    isl_options_set_schedule_max_constant_term(Ctx, MaxConstantTerm);858    isl_options_set_schedule_max_coefficient(Ctx, MaxCoefficient);859    isl_options_set_tile_scale_tile_loops(Ctx, 0);860 861    auto OnErrorStatus = isl_options_get_on_error(Ctx);862    isl_options_set_on_error(Ctx, ISL_ON_ERROR_CONTINUE);863 864    auto SC = isl::schedule_constraints::on_domain(Domain);865    SC = SC.set_proximity(Proximity);866    SC = SC.set_validity(Validity);867    SC = SC.set_coincidence(Validity);868 869    {870      IslQuotaScope MaxOpScope = MaxOpGuard.enter();871      Schedule = SC.compute_schedule();872    }873 874    isl_options_set_on_error(Ctx, OnErrorStatus);875 876    if (!Schedule.is_null())877      ScopsRescheduled++;878    POLLY_DEBUG(printSchedule(dbgs(), Schedule, "After rescheduling"));879  }880 881  walkScheduleTreeForStatistics(Schedule, 1);882 883  if (GreedyFusion && !Schedule.is_null()) {884    isl::union_map Validity = D.getDependences(885        Dependences::TYPE_RAW | Dependences::TYPE_WAR | Dependences::TYPE_WAW);886    Schedule = applyGreedyFusion(Schedule, Validity);887    assert(!Schedule.is_null());888  }889 890  // Apply post-rescheduling optimizations (if enabled) and/or prevectorization.891  const OptimizerAdditionalInfoTy OAI = {892      TTI,893      const_cast<Dependences *>(&D),894      /*PatternOpts=*/!HasUserTransformation && PMBasedOpts,895      /*Postopts=*/!HasUserTransformation && EnablePostopts,896      /*Prevect=*/PollyVectorizerChoice != VECTORIZER_NONE,897      DepsChanged,898      MaxOpGuard};899  if (!Schedule.is_null() && (OAI.PatternOpts || OAI.Postopts || OAI.Prevect)) {900    Schedule = ScheduleTreeOptimizer::optimizeSchedule(Schedule, &OAI);901    Schedule = hoistExtensionNodes(Schedule);902    POLLY_DEBUG(printSchedule(dbgs(), Schedule, "After post-optimizations"));903    walkScheduleTreeForStatistics(Schedule, 2);904  }905 906  // Check for why any computation could have failed907  if (MaxOpGuard.hasQuotaExceeded()) {908    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Schedule optimizer calculation exceeds ISL quota\n");909    return;910  } else if (isl_ctx_last_error(Ctx) != isl_error_none) {911    POLLY_DEBUG({912      const char *File = isl_ctx_last_error_file(Ctx);913      int Line = isl_ctx_last_error_line(Ctx);914      const char *Msg = isl_ctx_last_error_msg(Ctx);915      dbgs() << "ISL reported an error during the computation of a new "916                "schedule at "917             << File << ":" << Line << ": " << Msg;918    });919    isl_ctx_reset_error(Ctx);920    return;921  } else if (Schedule.is_null()) {922    POLLY_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Schedule optimizer did not compute a new schedule "923                          "for unknown reasons\n");924    return;925  }926 927  // Skip profitability check if user transformation(s) have been applied.928  if (!HasUserTransformation &&929      !ScheduleTreeOptimizer::isProfitableSchedule(S, Schedule))930    return;931 932  auto ScopStats = S.getStatistics();933  ScopsOptimized++;934  NumAffineLoopsOptimized += ScopStats.NumAffineLoops;935  NumBoxedLoopsOptimized += ScopStats.NumBoxedLoops;936  LastSchedule = Schedule;937 938  S.setScheduleTree(Schedule);939  S.markAsOptimized();940 941  if (OptimizedScops)942    errs() << S;943}944 945static void runScheduleOptimizerPrinter(raw_ostream &OS,946                                        isl::schedule LastSchedule) {947  isl_printer *p;948  char *ScheduleStr;949 950  OS << "Calculated schedule:\n";951 952  if (LastSchedule.is_null()) {953    OS << "n/a\n";954    return;955  }956 957  p = isl_printer_to_str(LastSchedule.ctx().get());958  p = isl_printer_set_yaml_style(p, ISL_YAML_STYLE_BLOCK);959  p = isl_printer_print_schedule(p, LastSchedule.get());960  ScheduleStr = isl_printer_get_str(p);961  isl_printer_free(p);962 963  OS << ScheduleStr << "\n";964 965  free(ScheduleStr);966}967 968} // namespace969 970void polly::runIslScheduleOptimizer(Scop &S, TargetTransformInfo *TTI,971                                    DependenceAnalysis::Result &Deps) {972  auto GetDeps = [&Deps](Dependences::AnalysisLevel) -> const Dependences & {973    return Deps.getDependences(Dependences::AL_Statement);974  };975  OptimizationRemarkEmitter ORE(&S.getFunction());976  isl::schedule LastSchedule;977  bool DepsChanged = false;978  runIslScheduleOptimizerImpl(S, GetDeps, TTI, &ORE, LastSchedule, DepsChanged);979  if (DepsChanged)980    Deps.abandonDependences();981 982  if (PollyPrintOptIsl) {983    outs()984        << "Printing analysis 'Polly - Optimize schedule of SCoP' for region: '"985        << S.getName() << "' in function '" << S.getFunction().getName()986        << "':\n";987    runScheduleOptimizerPrinter(outs(), LastSchedule);988  }989}990